a 
THE FASCLZ AND MUSCLES OF THE LEG AND FOOT. 353 
b. Adduction and Abduction. 
Pectineus Tensor fascize femoris 
Adductor longus Gluteus medius 
‘3 brevis Gluteus minimus 
5 magnus Obturator externus 
Gracilis Pyriformis | 
Quadratus femoris Obturator internus 
Gluteus maximus Gemelli during | 
(lower fibres) Sartorius flexion 
Gluteus maximus 
(upper fibres) 
| c. Internal Rotation and _ External Rotation. 
Obturator externus 
Gluteus maximus (lower fibres) 
Quadratus femoris 
Gluteus medius | (posterior 
s minimus J fibres) 
Pyriformis 
Obturator internus 
Gemelli 
| Sartorius 
| Thio-psoas 
Pectineus 
Adductor longus 
- brevis 
i magnus 
Biceps 
Tensor fascize femoris 
| Gluteus medius (anterior fibres) 
; minimus ,, 93 
| during 
| extension 
2. Movements of the Pelvis on the Thigh.—It is to be noted that the several movements 
tabulated above refer to the movements of the femur at the hip-joint. The contraction of the 
same groups of muscles produces similar movements of the pelvis on the femur, exemplified in 
the various changes in the attitude of the pelvis in relation to the thigh and the vertebral 
column, which occur in locomotion. 
3. Movements at the Knee-Joint.—The movements at the knee-joint are mainly flexion 
and extension. Flexion is much more powerful than extension. There is also a limited amount 
of rotation of the tibia. The movements are produced by certain of the muscles described above, 
associated with certain of the muscles of the leg. 
é . | = lity. 
a. Flexion and Extension. | b. Rotation inwards and Rotation outwards. 
{| a - ia sa Saas. 
Sartorius Quadriceps extensor | Sartorius Biceps flexor cruris 
Gracilis | Gracilis 
Semitendinosus Semitendinosus 
Semimembranosus | Semimembranosus 
Biceps | Popliteus 
Gastrocnemius | 
Plantaris | 
Pophteus | | 
THE FASCLZ AND MUSCLES OF THE LEG AND FOOT. 
FASCI 2. 
The superficial fascia of the leg presents no special features except in the 
sole, where it is greatly thickened by pads of fat, particularly under the tuberosity 
of the os calcis, and under the balls of the toes. It is closely adherent to the 
plantar fascia, especially at the roots of the toes. 
The deep fascia has numerous important attachments about the knee. 
Posteriorly it forms the popliteal fascia. In front of the knee it is attached to the 
patella, the hgamentum patella, and the tubercle of the tibia; laterally it is con- 
nected to the tuberosities of the tibia and the head of the fibula, and forms the 
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