374 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM. 
mastoid the fascia helps to form the carotid sheath, which is completed by septal 
processes stretching inwards across the neck in relation to the infrahyoid muscles, 
trachea, cesophagus and pharynx, and the prevertebral muscles. The trachea, — 
cesophagus, and pharynx, are likewise encapsuled in cervical fascia, a septal layer i 
passing across the middle — 
line of the neck between — 
the trachea and  cso- 
phagus. Lastly, a strong 
prevertebral fascia passes _ 
across the neck in front — 
of the prevertebral 
muscles, and behind the 
cesophagus and pharynx. 
The cervical fascia is 
attached above to the 
bones of the skull: super- 
ficially to the superior 
curved line of the occi- 
pital bone, the mastoid 
process, the zygoma (over 
the parotid gland) and 
the lower border of the 
mandible; more deeply 
to the styloid and 
vaginal processes of the 
temporal bone, the great 
wing of the sphenoid and 
the basilar process. This 
45 44 43 deeper attachment is be- — 
Fic. 274.—TRANSVERSE SECTION IN THE CERVICAL ReGION (between the hind the parotid gland | 
fourth and fifth cervical vertebre.) and pharynx, and is 
associated with the for- 
eatin 
INS, NR NR tte: 
Salnsihidicncemedins. aka a 
pe Rint 
1. CRICOTHYROID MUSCLE. 26. Vertebral vein. i . f 
2. INFERIOR CONSTRICTOR MUSCLE. 27. Sees sg mation of three liga- 2 
3. Pharynx. 28. Posterior triangle. : 7 
4. Cricoid cartilage. 29. Scalenus posticus. ments: stylo-mandibular 
5. Vocal cord, 30. Levator anguli scapule. 9 0 
6. THYRO-ARYTENOID MUSCLE. 31. Spinal accessory nerve. ligament, internal lateral 
7. Thyroid cartilage. 32. Splenius colli. ligament of the lower jaw 
8. Glottis. 33. Transversalis cervicis. . . 4 
9. Layers of deep cervical fascia. 34. Trachelo-mastoid. and pterygo-spinous liga- 
10. STERNOHYOID MUSCLE. 35. Spinal nerve. : : 
11. OMOHYOID MUSCLE. 36. Vertebral artery. ment. The fascia is at- 
12. STERNOTHYROID MUSCLE. 37. Profunda cervicis vein. oO 
13. Cervical fascia. 38. Profunda cervicis artery. tached below, through 
14. Thyroid body. 39. Multifidus spine. its muscular connex10ns, 
15. Common carotid artery. 40. Semispinalis colli. : 
16. Descendens hypoglossi nerve. 41. Complexus. to the sternum, first rib, 
17. SvERNOMASTOID MUSCLE. 42. Splenius capitis. Aas 
18. Internal jugular vein. 43. Trapezius. clavicle, and scapula. By 
Lh Pneumogastric nerve. 44. Ligamentum nuche. means of its connexion 
20. Sympathetic nerve. 45. Spine of fourth cervical vertebra. 5 
21. Carotid sheath. 46. Lamina of fifth cervical vertebra. with the trachea and the 
22. Phrenic nerve. 47. Dura mater. a aes gs 
23. LONGUS COLLI MUSCLE. 48. Spinal cord. common carotid artery it 
24. Rectus capitis anticus major. 49. Transverse process. 7 ore 7 
25. Scalenus anticus. 50. Body of fifth cervical vertebra. is carried down behind 
the first rib into the 
superior mediastinum, and becomes ultimately continuous with the pericardium. 
By means of its connexion with the subclavian artery it is carried down to the 
axilla, as the subclavian sheath, which becomes connected with the costo-coracoid 
membrane. 
THE MUSCLES OF THE HEAD. 
The muscles of the head are divisible into three separate groups with very 
different relations and uses—viz., superficial muscles, muscles of the orbit, and 
muscles of mastication. i 
The superficial muscles comprise a large group, including the muscles of the 
scalp and face and the platysma myoides in the neck. 
The platysma myoides is a thin quadrilateral sheet extending from chest to 
