~ 
646 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 
il. In the neck the facial nerve gives off three muscular branches: (1) and (2) 
small branches supply the stylo-hyoid and the posterior belly of the digastric, the 
latter nerve sometimes communicating with the glosso-pharyngeal. (3) The 
posterior auricular nerve bends backwards and upwards over the anterior border of 
the mastoid process along with the posterior auricular artery. It divides into two 
branches—an auricular branch for the 
retrahens aurem and the intrinsic 
muscles of the pinna, and an occipital 
branch for the posterior belly of the 
occipito-frontalis muscle. The posterior 
auricular nerve communicates with the 
great auricular, small occipital, and 
auricular branch of the pneumogastric 
nerves in its course. 
iv. In the parotid gland the facial 
nerve spreads out in an irregular series 
of branches (pes anserinus ), indefinitely 
divided into a temporo-facial and a 
cervico-facial division. _Communica- 
tions occur in the substance of the 
gland between the main trunks and 
the great auricular and auriculo- 
temporal nerves. 
The temporo-facial division gives 
off three series of subordinate branches 
which radiate forwards and upwards 
from the parotid gland. 
1. The temporal branches ure of 
large size, and, sweeping out of the 
parotid gland over the zygomatie arch, 
are distributed to the orbicularis palpe- 
brarum, frontalis, corrugator supercilii, 
attrahens, and attollens aurem. The 
temporal branches communicate in 
their course with the auriculo-temporal 
(of the superior maxillary), lachrymal, 
NERVE 
FAaciaAL 
THE SKULL, AND COMMUNICATIONS WITH TRIGEMINAL 
NERVE ON THE FACE. 
Fic. 464.—DIsSTRIBUTION OF OUTSIDE 
Facial nerve.—P.A, Posterior auricular nerve; S.H, 
Nerve to stylohyoid ; Di, Nerve to digastric (posterior 
belly) ; T.F, Temporo-facial division ; T, Temporal ; 
M, Malar ; 1.0, Infra-orbital branches ; C.F, Cervico- 
facial division; B, Buccal; Sm, Supra-mandibular ; 
Im, Infra-mandibular branches. 
Trigeminal nerve.—Ophth, Ophthalmic division ; S.O, 
Supra-orbital; I.T, Infra-trochlear; N, External 
nasal ; L, Lachrymal branches. Sup.Max, Superior 
maxillary division; T, Temporal; M, Malar; I.0, 
Infra-orbital branches. Inf.Max, Inferior maxillary 
division ; A.T, Auriculo-temporal ; B, Buccal; M, 
Mental branches ; S.C, Superficial cervical nerve. 
and supra-orbital branches of the tri- 
geminal nerve. 
2. The malar branches are small, 
and sometimes are inseparable from the 
temporal or infra-orbital nerves. Ex- 
tending forwards across the malar bone, 
they supply the orbicularis palpebrarum 
and zygomatic muscles, and communicate with the malar branch of the superior 
maxillary nerve. 
3. The infra-orbital branches are of considerable size. Passing forwards over 
the masseter muscle in company with Stenson’s duct, they supply the orbicularis 
palpebrarum, the zygomatici, buccinator, and the muscles of the nose and upper 
lip. The infra-orbital plexus is formed by the union of these nerves with the infra- 
orbital branch of the superior maxillary nerve below the lower eyelid. Smaller 
communications occur with the infra-trochlear and nasal nerves on the side of 
the nose. 
The cervico-facial division of the facial nerve also supplies three series of 
secondary branches. 
1. The buceal branch (or branches) extends forwards to the angle of the mouth 
to supply the muscles converging to the mouth, including the buccinator. It 
communicates with the buccal branch of the inferior maxillary nerve in front of 
the anterior border of the masseter muscle. 
2. The supra-mandibular branch passes along the lower jaw to the interval 
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