SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION. 665 
placed behind the first part of the subclavian artery in the interval between the 
last cervical transverse process and the neck of the first rib. 
The branches from the cervical sympathetic gangha and cord are divisible into 
two sets—(A) Central communicating branches for other nerves; (2) peripheral 
branches of distribution, which alone, or along 
with other nerves, form plexuses, accompany- /y 
ing and supplying vessels and viscera of the 
head, neck, and thorax. Although this dis- 
tinction is made, itis to be borne in mind 
that the branches of communication are as 
much nerves of distribution as the others. 
Soin 
S55 
SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION. 
Central Communicating Branches.— 
1. Gray rami communicantes pass from the 
ganglion to the anterior primary divisions of 
the first four cervical nerves. 
2. Communications with Cranial Nerves.— 
Just outside the skull, in the deep part of 
the neck, communicating branches pass to the 
following cranial nerves: (@) to the petrous 
ganglion of the glosso-pharyngeal and the 
ganglion of the root of the pneumogastric (n. 
jugularis); (0) to the ganglion of the trunk of 
the pneumogastric; (¢) to the hypoglossal 
nerve. 
Peripheral Branches of Distribution.— 
1. Pharynx.—A pharyngeal branch courses 
downwards and inwards behind the carotid 
sheath to reach the wall of the pharynx, 
where it joins (along with the pharyngeal 
branches of the glosso-pharyngeal and pneu- 
mogastric nerves) in the formation of the 
pharyngeal plexus, supplying the muscles and 
mucous membrane of the pharynx. 
2. Heart.—The superior cervical cardiac !!. 477.—Tup Distrrpution or THE SymPa- 
bednchisia slender nerve which,ion. the right,\,c 00s ANC AteD’ CORDEIN, THENCE: 
Car. 
Sy.1, Superior cervical ganglion, and connexions 
side, descends behind the large vessels into 
the thorax to join the deep cardiac plexus. 
On the /eft side the course of the nerve is 
similar in the neck, but in the superior 
mediastinum it passes between the left 
earotid and subelavian arteries, and over the 
aortic arch, to join with the inferior cervical 
cardiac branch of the pneumogastric in the 
formation of the superficial cardiac plexus. 
In their course both nerves form connexions 
with the other cervical cardiac nerves of the 
and branches ; I.C, Internal carotid artery ; 
G.Ph, Glosso-pharyngeal ; Va, Vagus ; Hy, 
Hypoglossal ; C.1, 2, 3, 4, First four cervical 
nerves; Plex, Pharyngeal plexus; G.Ph, 
Glosso-pharyngeal nerve ; E.C, To external 
carotid artery ; Sy.2, Middle cervical gang- 
lion, connexions and branches; C.5, 6, Fifth 
and sixth cervical nerves ; I.Thy, Inferior 
thyroid artery ; A.V, Ansa Vieussenii ; Sy.3, 
Inferior cervical ganglion, connexions and 
branches ; C.7, 8, Seventh and eighth cer- 
vical nerves ; Vert, Vertebral plexus ; Car, 
Cardiac branches. 
sympathetic, and with cardiac and other branches of the pneumogastric (external 
and inferior laryngeal). 
3. Vessels.—(a) The external carotid branch passes forwards to the external 
carotid artery, and forms the external carotid plexus, which supplies offsets to that 
artery and its branches, as well as to the inter-carotid body. From the subordinate 
plexuses on the facial and middle meningeal arteries sympathetic fibres are 
supplied to the submaxillary and otic gangha respectively. 
(6) The internal carotid branch is the attenuated upward prolongation of the 
ganglion, which applies itself to the internal carotid artery as it enters the temporal 
bone. This branch subdivides into outer and inner parts, which form plexuses 
