834 THE VASCULAR SYSTEM. 
The posterior auricular vein (v. auricularis posterior, Fig. 580) receives tributaries 
from the posterior parts of the parietal and temporal regions and from the inner surtace 
of the pinna. — It is considerably larger than the posterior auricular artery, which it only 
accompanies in the scalp. At the base of the scalp it leaves the artery and descends in 
the superficial fascia, over the upper part of the sterno-mastoid, to open into the commence- 
ment of the external jugular vein. 
The posterior division of the temporo-maxillary vein (see p. 835). 
The transverse cervical and suprascapular veins accompany the corresponding 
arteries ; not infrequently they open directly into the subclavian vein. 
The anterior jugular vein (v. jugularis anterior) commences over the anterior belly of 
the digastric muscle, and is formed by the union of small veins from the lower lip and the 
submental region. It descends in the superficial fascia, at a variable distance from the 
middle line, and perforates the superficial layer of the deep fascia just above the inner 
end of the clavicle. It there enters the space above the manubrium sterni, which lies 
between the first and second layers of the deep cervical fascia, and which is called Burns’s 
space, where, after anastomosing with its fellow of the opposite side and receiving a 
communication from the facial vein, it turns outwards, between the sterno-mastoid super- 
ficially and the sterno-hyoid, sterno-thyroid, and scalenus anticus muscles deeply, to 
terminate at the outer border of the latter muscle in the external jugular vein. 
THE VEINS OF THE SCALP. 
The veins which drain the blood from the superficial parts of the scalp are the 
frontal, the supra-orbital, the superficial temporal, the posterior auricular, and the 
occipital. The blood from the deeper part of the scalp, in the region of the 
temporal fossa on each side, passes into the deep temporal veins, which are 
tributaries of the pterygoid plexus. 
The frontal (v. frontalis) and supra-orbital veins (vy. supra - orbitalis) 
receive blood from the inner and front part of the scalp. They unite together, 
near the inner angle of the orbit, to form the angular vein; before the union is 
effected the supra-orbital vein sends a branch backwards through the supra-orbital 
notch into the orbital cavity, where it terminates in the ophthalmic vein, and 
as this branch passes through the notch it receives the frontal diploic vein 
(p. 836). 
The superficial temporal vein (v. temporalis superficialis) receives tribu- 
taries from the outer part of the frontal region, from the greater part of the 
superficial area of the temporal region, and from the anterior part of the parietal 
region. It passes downwards, across the posterior root of the zygoma, into the 
parotid gland, where it unites with the internal maxillary vein to form the temporo- 
maxillary trunk. 
The posterior auricular vein (v. auricularis posterior) drains the posterior 
portions of the temporal and parietal areas of the scalp. It runs downwards 
across the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, and terminates in the external : 
jugular vein. : 
The occipital vein (y. occipitalis, Fig. 580) receives tributaries from the inner 
and posterior part of the parietal region and from the occipital region. Asarule — 
it pierces the occipital origin of the trapezius, and, passing deeply into the sub- 
occipital triangle, terminates in a plexus of veins w hich is drained by the vertebral 
and deep cervical veins. It sometimes communicates with the external jugular 
vein, and occasionally an offset from it accompanies the corresponding artery and 
ends in the internal jugular vein. 
It generally receives the mastoid emissary vein; one of its tributaries receives 
the parietal emissary vein, and occasionally an emissary vein from the torcular 
Herophili opens into it. 
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THE VEINS OF THE ORBIT, THE NOSE, AND THE PTERYGO-MAXILLARY REGION. 
The veins of these three regions are closely associated together; for although 
the orbital blood is returned for the most part to the cavernous sinus by the 
ophthalmic vein, the latter vein is closely connected with the pterygoid plexus 
which lies in the pterygo-maxillary region. 
