848 THE VASCULAR SYSTEM. 
Hepatic Veins (vv. hepatic, Fig. 587).—These veins convey blood which has 
passed through the liver from the portal veins and from the hepatic artery ; they 
open into that portion of the inferior vena cava which lies immediately below the 
diaphragm, and behind the right lobe of the liver. They form two groups, 
an upper consisting of two or three large trunks, and a lower group of smaller 
veins. 
The upper group occasionally consists of only two veins, a right and a left; 
Hepatic veins 
(Qsophagus 
Crus of diaphragm 
Inferior phrenic 
artery 
Suprarenal body 
Inferior phrenic artery 
Suprarenal body Coeliac axis 
Suprarenal vein 
Superior 
mesenteric artery 
Inferior vena cava 
Renal artery 
Renal artery 
Renal vein ‘ 
Renal vein 
; : : Lumbar arteries 
Right ovarian vein 
Ovarian artery Ureter 
Ureter Ay i NN Fe Left colic artery 
Ovarian artery 
Inferior mesenteric 
artery 
~— Descending colon 
Psoas muscle 
: Psoas muscle 
Ascending colon 
: <e F Common iliac artery 
Common iliae vein 
eo Sigmoid artery 
Common iliae artery sy f 
Common iliac vein 
Superior heemor- 
rhoidal artery 
Middle sacral artery 4 
Tleum 
Ceeum “Tliae colon 
Pelvie colon 
External iliac 
artery 
External iliae 
artery 
External iliac oe : 
“ae External iliac vein 
vein 
Fallopian tube 
Urachus 
Uterus 
Fic. 587.—THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA AND ITS TRIBUTARIES. 
more frequently there are three vessels, a right, a left, and a middle vein, and in 
the latter case the middle vein issues from the Spigelian lobe. 
The veins of the lower group vary in number from six or seven to twenty ; 
they return blood from the right and Spigelian lobes. 
The hepatic veins commence in the interior of the lobules of the liver as 
intralobular veins; these issue from the upper and posterior aspects of the lobules, 
and unite together to form swblobular veins; and the latter, uniting with one 
another as they converge towards the posterior surface of the liver, form the larger 
hepatie veins. : 
“Inferior Phrenic Veins (vv. phrenic inferiores).— The venz comites of 
