THE JEJUNUM AND ILEUM. 1021 
the terminal part of the duodenum, then obliquely across the aorta, the inferior 
vena cava, the ureter, and psoas muscle, to reach the right iliae region. 
The opposite border of the mesentery is frilled out to an enormous clegree, so 
that, while the root measures but 6 or 7 inches, the free border is extended to 
some 20 feet, thus resembling a fan, one border of which may be twenty or thirty 
times a3 long as the other. The length of the mesentery, measured from its 
root to the attached edge of the intestine directly opposite, usually measures 
at its longest part about 6 inches (8 or 9 inches, Treves and Lockwood). 
Between the two layers of the mesentery (Fig. 683) are contained (a) the 
intestinal branches of the superior mesenteric vessels, ac companied by the mesenteric 
nerves and lymphatics: (>) the mesenteric lymphatic glands, which vary from 40 
Liver—~_ G/ . s AV \ | —-Stomach 
Spleen (anterior basal 
Attachment of : 
angle) 
falciforin ligament” 
——Splenic flexure 
Transverse mesocolon, 
——-with stomach resting 
on it 
Tenth rib— 
Gall-bladder —— 
__Terminal part of 
Hepatic flexure — duodenun 
Third part of__ 
duodenum —Descendiny colon 
-Root of nesentery (cut) 
Apex of vermiformn 
appendix 
Pelvie (sigmoid) 
~ mesocolon 
Yerminal part of ileum— 
ZA Pelvic colon (sigmoid 
flexure) 
1 3 
ent \ el 
SCALE IN INCHES | SCALE IN CENTIMETRES 
Bladder 
Fig. 691.—THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA AFTER THE REMOVAL OF THE JEJUNUM AND ILEUM (from a photograph 
of the same body as depicted in Fig. 670). The transverse colon is much more regular than usual. 
Both the liver and cecum extend lower down than normal. The subdivisions of the abdominal cavity 
are indicated by dark lines. 
to 150 in number; (c) a considerable amount of fatty connective tissue, continuous 
with the extra-peritoneal areolar tissue ; and (d@) the intestine itself. 
The peritoneum from the right side of the mesentery passes out on the posterior abdominal 
wall to clothe the ascending colon, and above, it is connected by a fold with the transverse meso- 
colon. That of the left side, similarly, passes across the parietes to the descending and iliae 
colons. 
The mesentery begins above, immediately beyond the ending of the duodenum—that is, in 
the angle of the duodeno- jejunal flexure—and it ends below in the angle between the ileum and 
ascending colon. It is very short at each end, but soon attains the average length. Its longest 
part goes to the portion of ‘the small intestine ‘situated between two points, one six feet, the other 
eleven feet from the duodenum (Treves). 
Whilst the root of the mesentery pursues at its attachment an almost straight line from one end 
to the other, if cut across a very short distance from the posterior abdominal wall, it will here be 
found to form a wavy or undulating line. Further out still this condition becomes more and more 
marked ; and finally, if the bowel be removed by cutting through the mesentery close to its attach- 
