1088 UROGENITAL SYSTEM. 
THE Duct oF THE KIDNEY. 
The duct of the kidney begins above in a thin-walled funnel-shaped expansion 
placed partly within and partly outside the sinus of the kidney. This portion of 
the duct receives the name of 
pelvis (pelvis renalis). Towards 
: YY, the level of the lower end of the 
ubenlobar | -——+ WEY \ ge kidney the part of the pelvis 
Pyramid —— : | oe Papilla — gutside the sinus diminishes in 
Intermediate calibre, and forms a tube termed 
Branch the ureter (Fig. 734). 
zone j 
/ es : 
ie Pelvis of the Kidney.— 
Papilla ——Hins of Within the sinus of the kid- 
"ney the pelvis les for the most 
Kidney sinus — ==, _____-peivisor part behind the renal vessels, 
“eaeel |) ST eee = BD ureter _and is formed by the junction 
\ ey] " of two or three thin - walled 
Cortex op Pe re 7s ee tubes, each ef which has a 
\ Zh NWN \ preter number of branches. These 
| latter, called infundibula or 
calyces (calyces renales), are 
Intermediate 
Zone 
| short, and imerease in diameter 
Ne Y as they approach the sinus wall. 
eon The wide, somewhat funnel- 
Fic. 734.—LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF THE KIDNEY, OPENING uP like ends enelose the renal 
THE KIDNEY SINUS. papille, the secretion from 
The pelvis of the ureter and some of its calyces have been laid which they receive and conduct 
open as they lie within the sinus. oe a 
to the pelvis. The calyces are 
usually about twelve in number, one calyx sometimes surrounding two or even 
three papille. The portion of the pelvis that les outside the kidney has in 
front of it, in addition to the renal vessels, on the right side the second part of 
the duodenum, and on the left side a part of the pancreas (Fig. 755). 
Ureter.—The ureter is the vessel which carries the urme from the pelvis 
of the kidney to the bladder. It is a pale-coloured thick-walled duct with a small 
lumen. While 7m situ it has a total length of about ten imches, and hes throughout 
its whole course behind the peritoneum in the sub-peritoneal tissue. In its upper 
part the ureter hes in the abdominal cavity, and in its lower part in the pelvic 
cavity (Figs. 726, 735, and 736). 
The normal ureter, in the flaccid condition, measures after its removal from the body eleven 
to fourteen inches. 
The abdominal portion of the ureter (pars abdominalis), about five or five and a 
half inches in length, is directed downwards and shghtly inwards, and hes upon 
the psoas muscle. On both sides of the body the ureter is crossed very obliquely 
by the spermatic, or ovarian, vessels. At its commencement the right ureter often 
lies behind the descending part of the duodenum, close to the outer side of the 
inferior vena cava, and as it passes downwards it is crossed, just before it enters the 
pelvic cavity, by the root of the mesentery. The left wreter is crossed by the 
attachment of the mesentery of the pelvic colon. On both sides the genito-crural 
nerve passes obliquely outwards and downwards behind the ureter (Figs. 726 and 755). 
Crossing the common iliac, or sometimes the external iliac artery, the ureter 
enters the pelvis. 
The pelvic portion of the ureter (pars pelvina) is about four or four and a half 
inches in length, and passes downwards on the side wall of the pelvis beneath the 
peritoneum, describing a curve which is convex backwards and outwards (Fig. 736). 
The most convex portion of this curve lies close to the deepest part of the great sciatic 
notch (Figs. 755 and 777). In its course within the pelvis the ureter les in front 
of the internal iliac artery, and crosses the inner aspect of the obturator nerve and 
vessels and the obliterated hypogastric artery. About the level of the ischial 
