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1122 UROGENITAL SYSTEM. 
Structure.—The superficial cells of the mucous membrane lining the urethra are 
columnar as far as the fossa navicularis, where they become replaced by squamous epi- 
thelial cells. Except near the terminal part of the canal, the mucous membrane contains 
numerous minute mucous glands, called glands of Littré (glandulz urethrales), the ducts 
of which open into the urethra. Beneath the mucous membrane is an exceedingly 
vascular layer, which is surrounded by a coat of unstriped muscle, continuous superiorly 
with the muscular tissue of the prostate and bladder. The erectile tissue of the corpus 
spongiosum is placed immediately outside the muscular coat of the canal. A small 
amount of erectile tissue is also present surrounding the membranous urethra. 
THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS. 
The reproductive glands in the female consist of a pair of ovaries placed later- 
ally in the cavity of the pelvis. In connection with each ovary is an elongated 
passage or tube—the Fallopian tube—leading to the uterus, into the cavity of 
which it opens. There is no direct continuity between the ovary and the Fallo- 
pian tube, such as exists between the other glands of the body and their duets, 
but the ova produced in the ovary pass into the open end of the tube, and are 
thus conducted to the uterime cavity. The uterus, or womb, is a hollow muscular 
organ which occupies a nearly median position in the pelvis; it is joined by the 
Fallopian tubes above, and it communicates with the upper part of the vagina below. 
The ovum, having passed through the Fallopian tube,reaches the cavity of the uterus, 
and in it, if fertilisation takes place, the ovum undergoes its development into 
embryo and foetus. The vagina is the passage leading from the uterus to the 
exterior. Its external opening lies behind that of the urethra, within the urogenital 
space. In connection with the urogenital space are a number of structures which 
are included under the term external genital organs, and which represent in the 
female the various parts of the penis and scrotum in the male. These are the 
Parovarium Ligament Lateral angle 
Fallopian tube | Ovary — of ovary Uterus a of uterus 
Cavity 
of body 
Hydatid 
Y Cavity 
RS) oes OL COLVILE: 
Fimbriated end of tube 
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Round ligament Broad — 
ligament 
Vaginal cavity 
A B 
Fic. 769. 
A. THE UTERUS AND BroapD LIGAMENT SEEN FROM BEHIND (the broad ligament has been 
spread out). 
a, 6, and c, the isthmus tube, the ligament of the ovary, and the round ligament of the right side cut short. 
B. DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE UTERINE CAVITY OPENED UP FROM IN FRONT. 
labia majora and the mons Veneris, the labia minora, the clitoris, and the bulbus 
vestibuli. The glands of Bartholin, placed one on each side of the lower part of 
the vagina, are accessory organs of the female reproductive system, and represent 
Cowper's glands in the male. 
THE OVARY. 
The ovary (ovarium) is a solid body, flattened from side to side, and about the 
size aud shape of a large almond. In the adult the ovary is placed against the 
side wall of the pelvic cavity, and is connected by peritoneal folds with the broad 
ligament of the uterus and with the lateral wall of the pelvis. Although these 
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