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1128 UROGENITAL SYSTEM. 
Epoophoron and Paroophoron.—These are two rudimentary structures found 
between the layers of the broad ligament. | 
The epoophoron or parovarium (sometimes called the organ of Rosenmiiller) lies 
in the mesosalpinx between the Fallopian tube and the ovary. In the adult it 
consists of a number of small rudimentary blind tubules lined by an epithelium. 
One of these tubules, called the duct of Gartner (ductus epoophori longitudinalis), 
hes close and nearly parallel to the Fallopian tube, and is joimed by a number of the 
other tubules (ductuli transversi) which enter it at right angles from the neighbour- 
hood of the ovary. The duct of Giirtner is a persistent portion of the Wolffian duet, 
and represents the canal of the epididymis in the male, while the tubules which 
join it are derived from the mesonephros and represent the vasa efferentia and coni 
vasculosi of the testis (and probably also the ductuli aberrantes of the canal of the — 
epididymis). The epoophoron is best seen by holding up the part of the broad ~ 
ligament in which it les to the light. | 
One or more small, pedunculated, cystic structures, called hydatids of Morgagni 
(appendices vesiculosi), are often seen near the infundibulum of the Fallopian tube. 
These are usually supposed to represent portions of the upper end of the Wolffian 
duct. 
The paroophoron is a collection of rudimentary tubules also enclosed by the layers 
of the mesosalpinx, but lying nearer the uterus than the epoophoron. These very 
rudimentary tubules represent the paradidymis or organ of Giraldés, in the male, and 
are derived from the part of the mesonephros which lies nearer the caudal end of 
the body of the embryo. The tubules are only easily made out in the child at | 
birth. 
THE UTERUS. 
The uterus or womb is a hollow thiek-walled muscular organ placed within the 
pelvis between the bladder in front and the rectum behind. The ova discharged. 
from the ovary enter the uterus by one of the Fallopian tubes, and if fertilisation 
takes place, undergo their development within it. In form the uterus is somewhat 
pear-shaped, the wide upper end of the organ projecting freely upwards and for- 
wards into the pelvic cavity, while the lower more constricted part is connected 
with the vagina. The usual length of the adult uterus (when non-pregnant) is 
three inches, its ereatest breadth is nearly two inches, and its maximum thickness 
is about one inch. 
In the description of the uterus we distinguish between an upper larger portion, 
somewhat flattened from before backwards , composed of fundus and body, and a 
lower more cylindrical part called the cervix (Fig. 774). The part of the uterus 
that les above the level of a line joing the points of entrance of the Fallopian 
tubes is called the fundus (fundus uteri). The fundus is convex from betore back- 
wards and from side to side, its anterior and posterior aspects being directly con- 
tinuous with the anterior and posterior surfaces of the body of the organ. The 
body of the uterus (corpus uteri), when seen from in front or from behind, has a 
somewhat triangular outline, and hes below the fundus, being directly continuous 
with it. The base of the triangle is directed upwards and formed by a line joining 
the lateral angles of the uterus, or points of entrance of the Fallopian tubes, while 
the sides of the triangle correspond to the lateral borders of the uterus, which 
extend on each side from the lateral angle to the cervix. The /ateral border (margo 
lateralis) separates on each side the anterior surface (facies vesicalis) from the 
posterior surface (facies intestinalis) of the body. Both these surfaces are rounded, 
but the posterior is much the more convex. The anterior surface rests against the 
upper aspect of the bladder, from which it is usually separated only by the layers 
of peritoneum forming the utero-vesical pouch. The posterior surface forms the 
chief part of the anterior wall of the deep recess situated between the uterus and 
rectum, and is usually in contact with some part of the intestine. 
The neck, or cervix uteri, is cylindrical, and at its commencement is marked off 
from the body by a shght constriction. Its length is about one inch, and its lower end, 
tapering somewhat, enters the upper part of the vagina. The cervix is attached to 
“a 
