62 QUADRUMANA. 



crossing the valley ; as they ran up, the old males came down to meet 

 them with grinning jaws, threatening claws, and flashing eyes. The 

 dogs, courageous animals, accustomed to chase the hyena and to fight 

 the wolf, were too glad to fly back to their masters. One young ape, 

 half a year old, was cut off from his family ; the dogs had cornered him 

 we were flattering ourselves that he would be caught. But a tall, pow- 

 erful male appeared ; he advanced without noticing us or betraying any 

 haste, proudly and with dignity walked straight up to the dogs, gave 

 them a look of which they understood the meaning, and slowly reached 

 the little one, which he carried off right past the dogs, who were glad 

 enough to let him and hi?, protege escape." On another occasion, the same 

 traveler and the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and his party had a battle with 

 these baboons. The aggressors had to change their position, as the apes 

 hurled stones at them with dangerous accuracy. One old male was seen 

 to climb a tree with a big stone in his hand, to get a better shot at the 

 Germans. The valley was impassable during the fight, as the stones 

 hurled down were larger than a man's head. The}' will attack without 

 hesitation opponents not armed with muskets, as Ruppell affirms. 



THE MANDRILL AND DRILL. 



These animals are perhaps the most disgusting creatures of the whole 

 animal world. They are distinguished physically from the other species 

 of this genus by a very short tail, and both belong to Western Africa. 



The Mandrill, Cynoccp]ialus maimon, is remarkable for the deep 

 anakles, brilliantly colored, on each side of the nose. The surfaces of 

 two unprepossessing projections are deeply grooved, and are of a deep 

 blue tint, through which lines of scarlet and deep purple run. The end 

 of the nose is fiery red. The gluteal callosities are of a vivid scarlet and 

 blue, and are displayed conspicuously by the exact manner in which the 

 beast carries his apology for a tail. The chin is decorated with a smal' 

 yellow beard ; the muzzle resembles a hog's snout. Only the male man- 

 drill possesses these hideous additions to his face. What is more remark- 

 able is that these diverse colorations are not permanent, but disappear 

 after or even during disease. They seem to result from a particular 

 vascular injection, which acquires its maximum of energy when the 

 animal is under the influence of violent feelings. 



The Mandrill, when old, is vindictive and malicious. Even when 



