FURTHER NOTES ON NEW JERSEY FISHES. 121 



Family CARCHARIID^. 



Carcharias littoralis (Mitchill). 

 Sand Shark. 



Head 5-/3 J depth at origin of pectoral probably about Sj4'> 

 width of head i^ in its length; depth of head at first gill- 

 opening I % ; snout, measured from tip around tO' front of eye, 

 3^ ; width of mouth 25^ : interorbital space 3^ ; space between 

 front of mouth and tip of snout about i yi in its width ; front 

 margin of first dorsal about 2y3 in head; front margin of second 

 dorsal 2^ ; front margin of anal 3^; front margin of lower 

 caudal lobe about 2^ ; least depth of caudal peduncle about 5 ; 

 upper margin of pectoral about i js ; front margin of anal about 

 2^4- Body elongate, rather slender, apparently more or less 

 cylindrical, depressed anteriorly, with pharynx rather swollen as 

 usual, and trunk tapering back from base of pectoral long and 

 slender. Edges, of body flattened, or convex, without median 

 longitudinal groove, and no evidence of a pit at origin of either 

 caudal lobe. Caudal peduncle slender, its least depth about equals 

 its length. Head rather broad, blunt, depressed, and apparently 

 equally convex below and above. Profiles apparently similar. 

 Snout rather small, pointed, protruding somewhat, and as viewed 

 above rather angularly convergent, with its length about three- 

 quarters its width. Eye small, supero-lateral, placed near first 

 third in length of head, evidently elongate. Mouth large, length 

 of gape about half of its width, and symphysis falls apparently 

 about midway in length of snout. Lips firm and tough. At 

 angle of each jaw, a fold inside equal to about one-third length 

 of each mandibular ramus. Teeth in jaws large, decreasing in 

 size towards ricti, where they are short and much smaller, mostly 

 tricuspid, with median cusp very long, slender and sharp-edged. 

 Some of larger teeth with 3 or 4 basal cusps, as 2 on each side. 

 All basal cusps small. Nostrils inferior, lateral, about half-way in 

 snout to eye, internasal space about half of interorbital, and 

 nasal flaps small. Interorbital space comparatively narrow and 

 rather slightly convex. Gill-openings 5, all in front of origin 



