COAT AND COLOR. 129 



form. The length of the root is nearly twenty times its largest 

 diameter. 



On both the male moose and the elk a heavy mane is found 

 under the neck. The hairs of this on our elk are eight inches 

 long, but I have not found them so long on the moose, though 

 others have. On the sides of the neck they are not so long, still 

 they are very mach longer than on any other part of the animal. 

 The mule deer also has a distinct mane, but not so long as above, 

 and it is on the top of the neck, and even extends along the back 

 sometimes to the hips. This mane falls apart so as to liang over 

 on either side along the top of the neck, and this parting of the 

 hairs continues down the back for a considerable distance, and 

 on one specimen I observed it reached the hips. 



On some aged specimens in my grounds I have found this mane 

 less conspicuous, and the parting on the top of the neck less or 

 scarcel}^ observable ; but the darker line along the top of the 

 neck and back I have found on all the individuals examined, 

 whether in my grounds or in the Chicago market, where I have 

 seen hundreds, or in the woods, though this mark is less pro- 

 nounced on some than on others. On the rump, just above the 

 white tail, where this dark stripe terminates, the black is deeper 

 than it is further forward, especially on those where the dark 

 line is the faintest. 



The hairs on all the species continue to increase in length and 

 diameter till January or even February, by which time, on the 

 bodies of the elk and the mule deer, they have attained a length 

 of two inches or more. On the foreheads the}^ are an inch or 

 more in length, which on the elk lie in wavy tufts, but on the 

 mule deer they stand up loosely, and are fine and soft. On all 

 the species the hairs on the face below the eyes are short and 

 stout, and have a backward or lateral set, which must tend to 

 admit the rains when the animals are feeding, but allows them to 

 remain undisturbed by contact with the brush, or tall grass, or 

 weeds, when running through them, and with the wind when 

 facing it. 



On the legs, also, the hairs are short, but are the longest on 

 the mule deer. On different parts of the legs, the hairs point in 

 various directions. Along the middle of the leg their direction 

 is rather lateral and upwards, and near the foot downward. 

 Those which cover the glands are described elsewhere. 



On the Virginia deer, the Columbia, and the Acapulco deer, 

 I do not find any appearance of a mane, either at the top or 

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