150 Bibliography. 
reader may enjoy the terrors of the scene, without experiencing its 
dangers ; and the accurate surveys made of Kilauea, the summit crater 
of Munna Loa, and other smaller craters, together with the course of 
the eruption of 1840, give special interest to this part of the work. 
We might fill many sheets of this Journal with facts of interest regard- 
ing the various countries explored, the currents and winds of the ocean 
and other phenomena observed during a long cruise over the wide 
world ; but for the present we confine ourselves to extracts from or ab- 
stracts of the observations of Capt. Wilkes on the Antarctic ice and 
and land, and more particularly on the formation of icebergs in those 
regions, with occasional notices of connected topics, and referring our 
readers for a general view to the full abstract already cited from Vol. 
xLiv, of the general objects and results of the expedition. 
Before we proceed farther, we wish to remind our readers that other 
works, perfectly distinct from the narrative, are in preparation in their 
various departments, by the men of science, aided by the able artists 
who accompanied the expedition, and we are happy in the assurance, 
afforded by the splendid illustrations of the narrative, that those of the 
scientific works will be equally worthy of the occasion. 
The gentlemen alluded toabove, were—Messrs. N. Hale, Philologist ; 
C. Pickering and T. R. Peale, Naturalists ; J. P. Couthouy, Concholo- 
gist; J. D. Dana, Mineralogist and Geologist ; W. Rich, Botanist ; J. D. 
Breckenridge, Horticulturist; and J. Drayton and A. T. Agate as 
Draughtsmen ; there were also several assistants. 
The squadron consisted of the Vincennes, commanded by Capt. 
Wilkes; the Peacock, by Capt. Hudson; the Porpoise, by Lieut. Ring- 
gold; the Relief, store-ship, by Capt. Long; the Sea Gull, by Mr. Reed ; 
and the Flying Fish, by Mr. Knox. The Sea Gull was lost with all her 
officers and crew off Cape Horn, and the Peacock, on her return at the 
close of the expedition, was stranded and totally lost on a bar at the 
mouth of the Columbia River, but her officers and people were all saved, 
although with a total loss of every thing but life. 
We now proceed with our citations regarding the ice and some other 
topics. In the second cruise towards the South Pole, on the 10th of 
January, 1840, in lat. 61° 8’S., the Vincennes encountered the first ice- 
berg, the sea water being at 32°; they were close to it and found it & 
mile long, and one gundred and eighty feet high above water ; a second 
iceberg was discovered at thirty miles, and a third at sixty miles south 
of the first. "These islands were cavernous and fissured by the action 
of the sea, as if about to be rent asunder, and they were apparently 
stratified at a high angle to the horizon. Many other icebergs of simi- 
lar character occurred, and as they increased in number the sea grew 
smoother and without apparent motion, until they were stopped by @ 
compact barrier of ice enclosing large square icebergs; the barrier 
