48 British Association for the Advancement of Science. 
Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. They consist of regular lines, 
having considerable elevations and great extent, of mounds or 
pyramidal eminences, and of spacious platforms of earth. These 
different works were adapted for fortifications, for places of wor- 
ship, and for cemeteries. Within the last two years, reports, he 
said, had reached the Atlantic States of very extensive remains 
of structures indicating the existence of one or more considerable 
cities in the territory of Ouisconsin, formerly a northwest terri- 
_tory of the United States. The antiquity of some of the numer- 
ous works alluded to was great; there are circumstances which 
led him to refer them to a period 800 or a 1000 years back. ‘The 
circular and pyramidal eminences seem to have been destined for 
two purposes: for places of worship and for cemeteries. ‘Some 
of them contain immense heaps of bones, thrown together pro- 
miscuously, as after a bloody battle ; in others the bodies are reg- 
ularly arranged, and in some there are only one or two bodies: 
the bones in the last are usually accompanied by silver and cop- 
per ornaments, some of which are extremely well wrought. The 
crania found in these mounds differ from those of the existing 
Indians, from the Caucasian or European, and in fact from all ex- 
isting nations so far as they are known. ‘The forehead is broader 
and more elevated than in the North American Indian, less broad 
and elevated than in the European; the orbits are small and reg- 
ular.. The jaws sensibly prominent, less so indeed than in the 
Indian, more so than in the European. The palatine arch is of a 
rounded form, and its fossa less extensive than in the Indian or 
African, more than in the European, owing principally to a greater 
breadth of the palatine plate of the os palati. But the most re- 
markable appearance in these heads is an irregular flatness’ on 
the occipital region, evidently produced by artificial means. 
These peculiarities, with others more minute, give a character to 
these skulls not found in any living nations. Dr. Warren also 
stated that he had received other crania, which at first view he 
believed to be of the same race and nation, for they resembled 
them in all their peculiarities, more nearly than one Caucasian 
head resembles another; and he exhibited drawings and a cast 
one of the jualin of this resemblance ; but these latter, 
ved, were species of ancient Peruvian ‘hetcls. Now the 
of the ancient Peruvians are distant from the Ohio 
mommy lati 1500 miles, yet the facts stated above render- 
