54 ~— British Association for the Advancement of Science. 
its power than Fawcett’s, and more ingenious in its contrivances 
and adaptations, though the works are not on so large a scale. 
With these we may mention Logan’s chain-cable manufactory. 
In this, the most remarkable thing is, the apparent simplicity of 
the contrivances. Iron bars, heated, are twisted into links over 
double cylinders, and each link, as formed, is cut off by powerful 
shears. A bar crosses the middle of every link; this is formed 
of cast metal, and is inserted cold, when the link is welded into: 
the chain. A slight blow is sufficient to secure the bar, for the 
link contracts as it cools down from welding heat. Hach chain, 
when finished, is subjected to a severe trial; the chain is ex- 
posed, by means of a lever working on a earitre, to a strain of 
more than twenty tons. Repeated fractures occur; and it is not 
until this test has been several times applied, that the chain is 
marked as perfect. 
Without the town, the botanist finds a rich treat in Mr. R. Har- 
rison’s collection of Orchideous and Parasitic plants at Aigburth ; 
and the geologist will visit Leasowe’s Castle (an inn) for the sake 
of the remains of its submarine forest. This lies near the mouth 
of the Mersey, on the Cheshire side. It appears like a peat-bog, 
over which sand had been lightly sprinkled. We found several 
specimens of trees nearly perfect; and it was easy to determine 
their species, from the distinctness with which the form of the 
leaf is preserved in the peat. Within the house is to be seen the 
carved roof of the old star-chamber, which was brought from 
Westminster Hall. Nor must we forget to mention, as among 
the objects best worth seeing in the neighborhood, Mr. Blundell’s 
Statue Gallery at Ince. 
Treasures of Knowsley, the seat of the Earl of Derby.—The 
whole of the extensive premises were thrown open to the inspec- 
tion of the visitors. In the galleries and rooms of the mansion 
were a fine collection of pictures; but, as our time was limited, 
we could not examine them with the attention they deserved. 
The extensive aviary contains many fine and rare birds and beasts.’ 
Some of these animals are permitted to range the grounds of the 
aviary unconfined, being covered in by wire-work, extending 
over many rods of ground. Among the Raptores we observed 
several fine vultures ; among which were two species of Perenop- 
terus ; a so the Vultur Angolensis of authors, and all the British 
_ Of the smaller birds, the Insessores,—a species of Lam’ 
