Indian Mounds and Earthworks. 95 
All along the borders of the beautiful Wisconsin river, extend- 
ing from its mouth to the Winnebago Portage, similar monuments 
are traceable on the high and dry lands. Occasionally they occur 
in groups and chains, and not solitarily, and are of various fashions. 
On the shores of Lac de Boeuf and Lac Apucaway, wherever the 
land is dry and sufficiently elevated, one may observe, even from 
the water, a vast number of tumuli. Upon the summits of some of 
these may from time to time be recognized the modern grave of 
some Winnebago or Menominie chief, strongly protected by 
pickets. The margins of the Fox river are remarkable for the 
numerous Indian remains of this description. Colonel Petitval, of 
the U. S. ‘Topographical department, who was engaged during 
the last summer in a survey of this river, had the kindness, at my 
request, to give some attention to these ncuinds He describes an 
immense pemacolings of them, at a point on the river, called the 
Bank, « ding far into the interior, both north and south, 
for an eoeninked distance. Twelve of the mounds at this 
place were opened under his direction, among which was an 
animal mound one hundred and fifty feet long. All of them 
contained human bones in a very decomposed state. 
One of the most extensive and interesting collections of these 
monumental structures, exists near the eastern shore of Winne- 
bago lake, within the reservation made to the Stockbridge and 
Brotherton, commonly called the New York Indians. I am in- 
debted to Dr. Lyman Foote, of Fort Winnebago, for information 
on this and some other localities of Indian monuments. 
At a place named Crawfordsville, on the Fox river, a group of 
ancient mounds has recently been announced in the western pa- 
pers. ‘These structures are described as being from three to sev- 
enteen rods (two hundred and eighty feet) in length ; generally 
about four feet high, and they are stated to resemble “ lizards, 
alligators, and flying dragons.” They here all point in the same 
general direction, but are not precisely parallel. Among them 
there is one very large mound, which overlooks all the rest. 
A writer in the United States Gazette, during a late visit to 
Wisconsin, observed numerous mounds and large embankments, 
over a space of thirty miles around the site of ‘ the ancient 
city.”” Some of them were designed, he states, to resemble “ liz- 
ards, turtles, buffalos, and even human forms.” he present 
wandering tribes of Indians are “entirely unable to give any ac- 
