190 Miscellanies. 
V.—Red and variegated (fossiliferous iron ore,) shales and sandstones (fu- 
coides)—3000 
VI.—Blue agillaccous limestone (fossils) —900 fe 
VII.—Coarse white sandstone (cavities of Seaitey 00 feet. 
VIll.—Olive ciltieed: slate, and gray argillaceous sandstones—5000 feet. 
1X.—Red shales, _ red, gray and buff colored argillaceous sandstones, a few 
marine fossils—6000 fee 
X.—Sandstone and conglomerate —9000 fo 
XI.—Red shale, thin calcareous idateemanens0n feet. 
XII.—Siliceous conglomerate—1400 feet. 
XIII.—Coal measures, consisting of seams of coal, dark shales, argillaceous 
sandstones, and siliceous conglomerates; vegetable fossils—6750 ? feet. 
Total thickness in feet—42,550, or over eight miles of exterior crust, stratified 
on the primary. 
Michigan.—Report of Dr. Houghton, 37 pages. 
This young State has set a laudable example, in ordering 2 
geological survey, under Dr. Douglass Houghton, which he has 
carried on with peculiar zeal, considering especially the great 
physical difficulties of a country, much of which is still in a state 
of nature. The State is in its infancy, and although rapidly 
filling with an intelligent population, it is still, with the excep- 
tion of a few counties, only sparsely peopled by those who have 
been too much occupied with more urgent necessities, to give 
even a moderate degree of attention to the mineral objects around 
them ; for this reason, the amount of local information imparted 
by the people was limited, and not always free from error. Dr. 
Houghton remarks, that there are on the peninsula no mountain 
chains, no lofty mural precipices, or deep valleys, where a glance 
will reveal the structure, and even quarries of stone (for there 
are very few on the surface) have been scarcely opened. To 
those parts of the State which are geologically the most impor- 
tant, there are no avenues, except by the streams and the trails 
of the Indians. “The ascent of a rapid stream by a canoe (the, 
only feasible mode of travelling, and the only manner by which 
examinations can be satisfactorily conducted,) is attended by fa- 
tigue, labor and hardships, of the most severe kind. Wading the 
streams by day, and annoyed by musquetoes at night, separated 
for weeks together from all society, were it not (he remarks) that 
the mind is completely occupied in the contemplation of objects, 
which, from their symmetry and beauty, furnish a constant men- 
tal Sent: there would be pothing which could possibly compen- 
sate for the hardships endured.” In addition difficulties, 
which are not easily conceived of by those who explore a coun- 
