LLL LTR — — 
Miscellanies. 195 
ter’s clay for the more common ware. Coal exists abundantly in 
the vicinity in several places, and some of it (on Deer creek, 
near Troy) is cannel coal. A party of forty potters from Stafford- 
shire, under Mr. Clue, and a company formed in Louisville, have 
already begun this important manufacture of stone ware, and 
the first kiln was burning in June, 1837. Carbonic acid exists 
abundantly in the waters of this country; much iron and lime 
are held in solution by it, and again deposited as the carbonic acid 
evaporates, the former as bog iron, which in one place (Misha- 
wakee) is fifty or sixty yards wide, and from seven inches to 
three feet deep, and so firm as to require an iron bar to raise it. 
The lime is deposited as tufa, and it is a curious fact, that, as the 
limestone rocks are buried deep under diluvium, and are there- 
fore in a great measure inaccessible, the inhabitants resort to the 
calcareous tufa and calcareous bowlders, for materials to afford 
quick lime by burning. 
Mr. Owen justly concludes that three geological formations ex- 
ist in Indiana. 
i. A bituminous coal formation, occupying that portion of the 
State west of the second principal meridian 
2. A limestone formation, (similar to the mountain limestone 
of European geologists,) prevailing in the counties east of that 
meri 
3. A diluvium, consisting of deposits of clay, sand, gravel and 
bowlders, overlying, and in many places covering up, the two 
other formations, to a greater or less depth, particularly in the 
northern part of the State. 
He infers on unanswerable grounds, that Indiana was long un- 
der an ocean, which furnished the innumerable marine organ- 
ized bodies, found in such poe enclosed in the solid rocks, 
especially the lower limeston 
There are some very sudicions remarks on the useful materials 
found in the State, and on the nature of its soils, and the causes 
of their great fertility. This is attributed to the position of Indi- 
ana, near the middle of the great valley of North America, which 
has been the receptacle of a vast variety of the ruins of rocks, of 
many formations, thus affording the requisite materials for the 
best soil, among which lime, clay and sand, are conspicuous, with 
a portion of iron, and abundance of carbonated calcareous waters, 
and better materials could not be desired, especially for the growth 
