Geological Survey of the State of Ohio. 359 
_ “ This tusk weighed, when taken from the earth, 180 lbs. The weight 
of the ares tooth is 84 Ibs. 
ese bones were dug from the bank of a creek, near the water, 
wpe they were found under a spore omivettt mass of stratified mate-" 
rials, fifteen to eighteen feet in thickness.” pp. 96, 97. 
The place where these bones occur is evidently a lacustrine 
deposit, consisting of horizontal layers of sand, loam and marly 
clay. 'The layer in which the bones occurred is dark blue, colored 
by phosphate of iron. The tusk in many places was tinged with 
this substance. This may serve asa general section of the de- 
posits, in which these bones are found at the west, and corres- 
ponds, except in the absence of the peat, with a section given by 
Phillips of the lacustrine deposits of Yorkshire, in which the 
great Trish Elk (Cervus giganteus) is found. Whether these de- 
posits belong to the newer pliocene of Lyell we are not prepared to 
say. We have not yet facts enough upon the subject. In Eu- 
rope, the age of these deposits, can, in general, be readily recog- 
nized by the accompanying marine shells. Here so far as we 
have observed, there is an absence of marine as well as fresh 
water shells. That the bones above described, were floated to 
the place where they were found, is probable from their horizontal 
position, and the stratified deposits, with which they were cov- 
ered; but not previously subjected to a considerable degree of 
Wélonce; as intimated by Briggs. 'The jaw bone was fractured. 
As that was found on the surface, after a freshet, it is not unrea- 
sonable to suppose that its fracture was recent. The bones of 
the cranium also, were broken; this we might expect would be 
the case from the very frailty of their structure, without suppos- 
ing that they had been subjected to violence. We see nothing 
in this region, which would indicate a cataclysm of sufficient 
power to excavate valleys, pile up deep beds of gravel, &c. ; 
While the deposits, in which these bones were entombed, appear 
to have been formed in still waters. This, we infer from the 
horizontality of the layers, and the comminuted slate of the ma- 
composing them. Besides, we find these bones in such 
a position as to induce us to believe that the carcass might have 
been drifted entire, into this lake or estuary. 
The gases generated by putrefaction would cause it to rise to 
surface ; and as the process advanced, the bones would fall 
piecemeal fom the floating carcass, and in that case, be scattered 
