362 Geological Survey of the State of Ohio. 
—at Piketon—at Kilgore’s, in Ross county, and at Alderson’s—with 
other lesser and detached works, and can discover in none of them ele- 
ments of military strength, or evidences of a warlike intention. The 
principal enclosures are rectangles, or circles, weak figures, without 
ditches, made weaker by numerous openings, not only in the sides, but 
at the corners. The subordinate parts of large works, and the small iso- 
lated ones, sometimes have ditches, but always, as far as I have seen, on 
the inside, though cases of extensive fossa are said to exist. The main 
figure always occupies ground accessible on all sides, and no spring, of 
receptacle of water, is found within the walls. Other equally good reasons 
might be advanced, why these structures are not adapted, and were not 
designed, either for attack or defence, under any supposable mode of hu- 
man warfare. 
“No portion of Ohio ptvipes to be destitute of ancient tumuli and em- 
bankments ; the object and origin of which are still, in a great measure, 
mysterious and unknown.” pp. 104, 105, 106. 
_ We are glad that we are about to have an accurate survey, and 
description of these memorials of a former race. The work of 
Mr. Atwater, published under the auspices of the Massachusetts 
Antiquarian Society, is incorrect. 
Appended to this report, is a list of geological queries, as well as 
a glossary of the principal geological terms, for the benefit of the 
Remarks in addition to and explanation of the Review of the 
Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio—in a letter to the 
Editor. 
Columbus, March 23, 1838. 
Dear Sir—You inquire whether the bones found at Jackson 
belonged to the mastodon or elephant? They do not belong to 
the mastodon, and yet they differ in some respects from the fossil 
elephant,) E’. primogeneus.) These differences I will proceed to 
particularize. 1st. The jaws differ, as will be seen by the fig- 
ures, which are not remarkably accurate, but sufficiently so for 
illustration. 
You will perceive by the following sketch, that the jaw A con- 
verges more than B. In this respect, it approaches the existing 
species. There is also a remarkable difference in the construction 
of the canals, a and 6. The tusk of the Jackson elephant is cor- 
nuform, more so than those of the existing elephant, but less so 
than in the fossil elephant. The Z. primogeneus found near the 
Arctic ocean, had tusks, which formed nearly a circle. 
