96 Geological Society of London. 
The countries watered by the rivers Meander and Cayster are 
described as having a simple geological structure. ‘There are gra- 
nitic rocks, with saccharine marble; there are also hippurite lime- 
stone and schist, and tertiary deposits unconformable to these, be- 
sides igneous rocks of various ages. The tertiary formations are 
chiefly lacustrine, and occur in nearly every large valley. They 
are composed of horizontal beds of calcareous marl and white lime- 
stone, in which are layers, and nodules of flint; they also consist of 
sandstone, sand, and gravel. 
The only representative of the secondary rocks of Europe is term- 
ed by Mr. Strickland “hippurite limestone,” which appears to be 
very sterile in fossils. In this respect and in its other characters it 
agrees with that great calcareous formation described by MM. Bob- 
Jaye and Virlet in their splendid work on the Geology of the Morea.* — 
According to these French geologists, three quarters of the Pelo- 
$ are occupied by a compact limestone several thousand feet 
thick, in which they could discover scarcely any organic remains, 
except a few hippurites and nummulites, but which is supposed to 
be the equivalent of our chalk and oolites. Nothing, they say, can 
be more monotonous in character than this calcareous mass in the 
South of Europe, which appears to represent the larger part of our 
upper secondary formations of the North, where the rocks are so 
varied in lithological aspect and so distinguishable from each other 
by their well preserved fossils. 
Ancient fossiliferous strata resembling those of the neighborhood 
of Constantinople are said to be largely developed in the Balkan, 
a mountain chain of which we may soon expect to receive informa- 
tion from the pen of M. Ami Boué. That indefatigable geologist 
has already explored a large part of Servia, a country of whose phys- 
ical and moral condition we are perhaps more ignorant than of any 
_ other in Europe, and he is rapidly extending his survey over various 
parts of the Turkish empire, to the examination of which he proposes 
to devote several years. Meanwhile our late secretary, Mr. Ham- 
ilton, is continuing, with great zeal, his investigation of the borders 
of the Black Sea and other parts of Asiatic Turkey. 
* Paris, 1833, in folio. It is to be regretted that this work gus be procured 
separately from other fi ollected during 
the French expedition to the Morea. 
