STRAND VEGETATION. 
As already remarked, the strand vegetation of these islands is extremely poor 
in comparison with the luxurious strand floras of the islands of the South Seas 
and other countries bordering on the Pacific. Of trees, the most common are 
the Hisbiscus tiliaceus (Hau) and Pandanus odoratissimus (Puhala). (See 
plate I.). While the former may be seen in scattered clumps along the shore, 
the latter forms dense forests on the windward sides of the islands of Hawaii 
and Maui, covering the precipitous walls down to the water’s edge. They are 
usually associated with the Jambosa malaccensis (Ohia ai), which, however, 
does not grow on the steep slopes, but at the bottom of narrow ravines, which 
the mountain streams have cut into the precipitous cliffs. They are also asso- 
ciated with the Alewrites moluccana (Kukui). 
It is in such places as Pololu, Honokaneiki, Honokanenui, Waimanu, ete.. 
on the windward side of Hawaii, and Makaiwa, and other valleys on the wind- 
ward side of Maui, where conditions are still undisturbed, that one can see 
strand vegetation that would somewhat remind him of the strand floras of the 
South Seas. But in the true sense of the word it is not a typical beach flora, 
but belongs to the lowland zone, which in certain localities, as mentioned above, 
reaches the water’s edge. (See plate II.) 
On sandy beaches the cosmopolitan Ipomoea pes caprae (Pohuehue) is nearly 
always found, with its long runners reaching almost into the sea. Cuscuta 
Sandwichiana (Dodder or Pololo) may often be seen growing on Ipomoea pes 
caprae as well as on Ipomoea tuberculata. Among other Convolvulaceae pecu- 
liar to the shores is Ipomoea acetosaefolia (Hunakai), which is found on the 
island of Niihau only. Jacquemontia Sandwicensis occurs farther inland, as 
well as on sandy shores, together with the nyctaginaceous Boerhaavia diffusa 
(Nena). Of the Caryophyllaceae, only two endemic species, Schiedea Remyi 
and Schiedea Lydgatei, are found on the shores, and those on the island of 
Molokai only, under the precipitous cliffs on the windward side. Of Legumi- 
nosae, the rare Sesbania tomentosa (Ohai), Vigna lutea and Canavalia sp? are 
to be found, the two latter especially common near Waialua, Oahu, and also on 
Molokai, together with the boraginaceous Heliotropium Curassavicum and H. 
anomalum (Hinahina). Of Campanulaceae, the very interesting and queer 
looking Brighamia insignis of the tribe Lobelioideae is found on the islands of 
Niuhau, Kauai, Molokai and Lanai, though only on the windward sides, growing 
on the precipitous cliffs down to a few feet from the waves, where they are 
within reach of the tremendous spray of the sea. On the latter island it is found 
at the head of Mauna Lei gorge on the precipitous cliffs. 
One of the most common sea-shore plants is the cosmopolitan Scaevola 
frutescens, which is usually in company with Vitex trifolia. 
Of trees, Calophyllum Inophyllum (Kamani) forms usually large groves on 
the windward sides of most of the islands; but especial mention may be made 
3 
