which can be found on nearly all the islands. Higher up, its place is taken by 
the most interesting and peculiar as well as handsome forms, such as C. persicae- 
folia, C. oblongifolia, C. drepanomorpha, ete. On Oahu the genus Rollandia, 
also of the tribe Lobelioideae, is represented in the lower forest region by the 
species R. lanceolata and R. grandifolia and another species of Rollandia found 
to be new and named R. truncata by the author. 
Clermontia Kohalae, a strictly lower forest zone type, is also new to science. 
It is found at Kohala on the island of Hawaii, where it is gregarious at 1500 
to 2000 feet elevation, after which place it is named. It is a small, handsome 
tree, flowering in the summer. To this region belongs also Cyanea angustifolia, 
C. acuminata, C. grimesiana, C. scabra, all of which are peculiar to this region. 
The gesneriaceous genus Cyrtandra, with its many species, characterized 
by the often bilabiate corolla, which is invariably white, having a fleshy berry 
of the same color as the flower, with minute, almost microscopic seeds, belongs 
to this zone; but not exclusively. These Cyrtandras have very few species in 
this region, but reach their best development in the middle forest zone. 
The euphorbiaceous Claoxylon, a small shrub, may be found occasionally in 
this zone, though most plentifully on West Maui in the valley of Waikapu. Of 
vines, several Convolvulaceae, especially the genus Ipomoea, are found trailing 
over guava, lantana and other introduced shrubbery which have established 
themselves in the lower forest region. Besides the Convolvulaceae, Dioscorea 
sativa and D. pentaphylla (Yam) are common, as well as the liliaceous Smilax 
Sandwicensis (Pioi), trailing over trees. 
The Hawaiian Labiatae are conspicuous by their absence in this region, at 
least in the region belonging to the windward subsection, though two are found 
in the dry section. 
Of monocotyledonous plants, the following remain to be mentioned: The 
Alocasia macrorrhiza (Ape), one of the huge species of taro, but not edible, 
though in times of scarcity the stem was cooked and eaten by the natives. With 
leaves several feet long, they can occasionally be found in shaded ravines or 
valleys, besides the useful Tacca pinnatifida (Pia). The last, but not least, is 
Musa sapientum, the Banana, of which the natives recognized some forty odd 
varieties, which is a typical feature of the lower forest zone, and with it is the 
ginger, Zingiber zerumbet (Awapuhi). 
The eryptogamous fiora is also represented in this region, its most conspicuous 
and typical representative being the Asplenium nidus or bird’s-nest fern, which 
usually is plentiful in the forks of the branches of the Kukui, with which it is 
invariably growing when not terrestrial. Of other ferns, mention may be made 
of the everpresent Nephrolepis exaltata and the very troublesome Gleichenia 
linearis (Uluhe), which covers the ground so thickly with its far-reaching branches 
that it is next to impossible to penetrate any country taken up by this robust 
fern. It is usually in layers of four to five or even more feet thick, the lower 
ones usually dead, forming a canopy over which one crosses only with great diffi- 
13 
