meiandra var., Eurya sandwicensis (Wanini), and several species of Gouldia, 
Coprosma being very common at lower levels. 
On the slopes of Kumauna and Kaiholena valley is found Pterotropia dipy- 
rena var., which reaches here a beautiful development. Trees 60 feet tall and 
more, with trunks of nearly two feet in diameter, are not uncommon in the 
valley, while at higher elevation it is a tree 30 feet in height with rather ram- 
bling branches. The ie-ie is gregarious, besides Smilax and Embelia, which are 
all lianes, climbing over trees. Of Leguminosae, a beautiful climber, Strongy- 
lodon lucidum, called Nukuiwi by the natives, covers the tops of the numerous 
Kukui trees in Kumauna valley. In few places has the writer seen such a beau- 
tiful forest as the one in question, reaching from Hilea to Waiohinu. Its natural 
condition is undisturbed, and therefore presents a marvelous display of growth 
up to an elevation of nearly 6000 feet. (See plate XV.) Several Lobeliaceae 
occur, such as Cyanea tritomantha, which is exceedingly common in this locality, 
favored by the very shaded situation under the rank erowth of trees, ferns and 
lianes. It belongs to the section Palmaeformes, which is peculiar to the middle 
forest region, but occasionally going a little lower. Clermontia coerulea, Cl. 
parviflora, are also common, both being trees sometimes growing in the forks of 
other trees. The solanaceous genus Nothocestrum is represented by the species 
breviflorum, which is here a little tree 20 feet in height. 
The only plant cultivated near the Hilea plain is Piper methysticum, the 
awa of the natives. Pittosporums are absent as well as Sideroxylon and its as- 
sociates. In Kumauna valley proper, Pisonia inermis var. leiocarpa (Papala 
kepau) is very common. 
he country just below Hilea is called Kalaiki, and is mainly aa lava, which 
Supports a strictly speaking dry or mixed forest flora, though not as rich in 
species, as the area is limited. It consists mainly of large groves of Kukui, be- 
sides stunted forms of Straussia and a few trees of Antidesma pulvinatum ; Os- 
manthus sandwicensis is very common besides Plectronia odorata (Walahee), a 
pretty little tree or shrub with horizontal branches and a dark green, glossy 
foliage, which 1s pleasingly contrasted by the white, birch-like bark. A white 
silted! Bel Ardsaesed variety of the Ohia a or mountain apple is also to 
siti pabghTors We : of ne ea plants Pipturus (Mamake) and Brousso- 
ite Sik ke aes e atter having of late become exceedingly scarce, 
bie hae iscontinued since about fifty years or more ago. 
rial peas ark oad — small grove of mixed forest we find the 
iu tee Paice = aa lava fields, which is characterized by the legum- 
Gale SG Sipsagpieres Reynoldsia sandwicensis, Myoporum sand- 
climbers, of which the Sarees Pit dha: dence the sped 
its oak Sa ae ious ey Caesalpinia bonducella ( Kakalaioa) 
(Konia! aud = ee end with the convolvulaceous Ipomoea insularis 
discernable on the tops of feed f ee ee - Large yellow patches are 
rom the distance, and on examination are found 
34 
