feet, with a straight trunk and black bark of half an ineh thickness. Yylosma 
Hillebrandu becomes here a beautiful big tree with a trunk of one and a half 
feet in diameter, straight ascending and clothed in a gray bark. Tetraplasan- 
dra Hawaviensis is here a large tree 60 feet in height, with a fine trunk ascend- 
ing for 30 feet or so before branching. It is about two and a half feet thick 
and vested in a whitish bark three-quarters of an inch thick. It is the only 
representative of the family Araliaceae in this forest. Myoporwm sandwicense 
is here a slender shrub, and only a few individual specimens can be observed. 
Coprosma, Perrottetia, Pipturus, Pelea volcanica only, Cheirodendron gaudi- 
chaudu, Antidesma platyphyllum and a species of Suttonia form the tree 
growth, together with Pittosporum and Ilex, up to the Koa belt at an eleva- 
tion of 4200 feet. Sadleria cyatheoides, Cibotium Menziesii, and the lobelia- 
ceous Clermontia coerulea, which ranges from the extreme eastern end of Kau 
to North Kona, form the undergrowth. The latter ascends, however, up into 
the Koa belt, where it can be found on Koa trees, growing in the forks of their 
branches. 
Several aa flows of more recent origin intersect this forest. The flows are 
covered with a scanty vegetation, such as Vaccinium, Styphelia, Coprosma 
ernodeoides, Raillardia scabra (very common), and stunted Ohia; while the 
lava itself is entirely hidden by a species of lichen. At 4200 feet elevation the 
trees described above are replaced by Acacia Koa, which grows here under 
similar conditions as near the Voleano House, together with Urera sp. and the 
tree ferns. Cattle, however, have played serious havoe with this beautiful forest. 
The undergrowth is mainly composed of Polystichum falcatum var., Dryopteris, 
Asplenium, and Cibotium. 
The most interesting vegetation, however, occupies the area between 1500 
to 2000 feet, above which the forest is very uniform. Nowhere has the writer 
found such beautiful stands of the ebenaceous Maba sandwicensis (Lama) as 
in this district, where it associates mainly with tall-growing Kukui trees. Trees 
30 to 40 feet in height with trunks of a foot or more in diameter are not un- 
common. Beyond Kapua the country is covered mainly with Ohia lehua, and is 
as a whole very uniform, until we reach the boundary of South Kona, where a 
forest similar to that back of Naalehu, Kau, forms the lower and middle forest 
zones. Most of the land about 600 to 2500 feet elevation is under cultivation, 
Coffea arabica being the crop. 
THE MIDDLE FOREST ZONE IN KONA AND FLORAL ASPECTS OF THE GREAT CENTRAL 
PLAIN BETWEEN MAUNA LOA, HUALALAI AND MAUNA KEA. 
If we ascend from Kealakekua up the slopes of Mauna Loa, we at first pass 
through large areas of Psidium guayava, which has taken possession of the land 
and is the only shrub up to an elevation of about 1200 feet. The country then 
becomes more open and old pahoehoe flows are visible, which are covered with a 
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