As we advance into the interior of the island, Elaeocarpus bifidus and its 
associates give place to the araliaceous Cheirodendron platyphyllum (Lapalapa), 
which is the predominant tree with Metrosideros polymorpha; here dwell Scae- 
vola glabra, also known from Oahu, Labordea tinifolia, L. Waialealae, and sev- 
eral other species of this genus, some of which are new to science. The forest 
becomes wetter and wetter, thick, light-green moss covers the trees and ground 
alike, fern growth is abundant, and Hepaticae together with Hymenophyllums 
and Trichomanes ferns hang gracefully from every tree. The narrow leaved 
Astelia Menziesiana covers fallen trees; with it can be found the very peculiar 
caryophyllaceous Schiedea lychnoides, with large white flowers, while Schiedea 
stellarioides inhabits the drier districts. In these swampy forests the newly- 
described Lysimachia glutinosa, with large, beautiful cream-colored flowers, 
forms part of the undershrubs, but only in one locality, and that at the summit 
of the ridge leading to Kalalau. It is here that the writer discovered a species 
of Palm new to science, which has since been described by Dr. O. Beceari of 
Florence, Italy, as Pritchardia minor. It is a very distinct species and differs 
from all the rest of Hawaiian palms in the oval black fruits, which are of the 
size of a black olive, while the other species have fruits of the size of a small 
hen’s egg; besides the whole aspect of the palm is different. Of Rubiaceae, 
Straussia Mariniana and 8S. oncocarpa var. 3. grow side by side with Psychotria 
hexandra, since also found on Oahu in the Punaluu Mountains, Psychotria 
grandiflora, a small tree or shrub with beautiful cymosely-arranged white 
flowers, inhabits the dense, swampy jungle, with Cyrtandra Gayana and several 
vines, such as Stenogyne purpurea var. brevipedunculata, and one or two species 
of Phyllostegia with fragrant flowers. 
The genera Kadua and Gouldia, both endemic genera of the Family Rubi- 
aceae, are represented in this zone by many species, of which Kadua Knudsenii, 
K. Waimeae, and K. glaucifolia are the most common. These with Gouldia 
species inhabit rather the more open places where Cyanea leptostegia abounds. 
In the smaller streambeds occur several species of Pipturus, as P. ruber, P. 
Kauaiensis, and others, besides Urera, Neraudia sp. nov., Perrottetia sandwi- 
censis, Dubautia lara, Rubus hawaiiensis var. imermis, several species of Phyl- 
lostegia, Cyanea spathulata, Artemisia australis, and others. 
What is true of other genera is also true of the genus Suttonia (Myrsine). 
This genus, with its species Lessertiana, common on all the islands of the group, 
has four species peculiar to Kauai, which inhabit the swampy forests. Most 
peculiar is the fact that of the lobeliaceous genus Clermontia, which has reached 
such a wonderful development on Oahu, Maui and Hawaii, only one species (C. 
Gaudichaudii) oceurs. It is a small tree, usually growing along water courses, 
either terrestrial or epiphytic on other trees. 
Mention may also be made of the herbaceous Dianella ensifolia (Uki) with 
its lilac berries, which covers the ground thickly in the Elaeocarpus forest 
belt. Syzygium sandwicense (Ohia ha ) attains quite a height and is associated 
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