with Ohia lehua, Kalia, and the rubiaceous genus Coprosma, of which C. pubens, 
. Kauaiensis and C. Waimeae (Olena) belong here. 
The third species, C. montana var. ;+ 18 only found on the high, swampy 
plateau itself in company with Lobelia Kauaiensis and L. macrostachys var. 
Kauaiensis var. nov., several species of Dubautia, and others. 
The further we penetrate into the interior the denser becomes the growth. 
Soil is no longer visible, as the ground is covered with a beautiful green carpet 
of moss, often two feet thick and saturated with water. The same can be said 
of the trees; their trunks appear to be two feet in diameter, but on investigation 
we find the true diameter to be only 4 to 5 inches, the rest being mosses and 
hepaticae of all description. It is on such trees that Polypodium hymeno- 
phylloides, P. serrulatum, P. adenophorus, and Lycopodium Mannii occur. 
The genus Diellia has several species peculiar to Kauai, as D. centifolia, D. 
laciniata, and D. Knudsenii, which belong to the swampy region. The same 
holds good of many Asplenium, Polystichum and Dryopteris species. 
In these dense forests, which harbor many species undoubtedly new to science, 
which will be described as soon as the bulky material can be worked up, we 
find large open places of several acres in area which resemble the peat bogs of 
Northern Europe. The vegetation is naturally stunted and only few shrubs 
occur. The soil in these bogs is of a gray color, loamy and heavy, and decayed 
vegetation is often found to be 10 to 15 feet deep. A bunch grass, Panicum monti- 
cola, forms large round mounds or tussocks, together with Panicum isachnoides 
of similar habit. In these tussocks we find Selaginella deflexa and Lycopodium 
erubescens, the latter, however, often submerged on the rocks in the middle o 
streambeds. The most interesting plant is Drosera longifolia (Mikinalo), one 
of the so-called insect-eating plants, which also occurs in the northern parts of 
Europe. Outside of Kauai the plant has not been found on the other islands 
of the group. 
Back of Kaholuamano, in the midst of a dense forest, is such a bog, which 
bears the name Lehua makanoe or *‘Lehua in the fog.’’ The only shrub in this 
bog is Metrosideros pumila, probably a stunted sport of Metrosideros poly- 
morpha, in whose shade the beautiful herbaceous violet, Viola Kauaiensis (Pohe 
hiwa) thrives. Jt is, however, not confined to this locality, but can also be found 
throughout the swampy forest, mainly on moss-covered tree trunks, as well as 
in Kauluwehi swamp (4210 feet), and on the summit of Waialeale, whose vegeta 
tion will be described under ‘‘bog formations.’’ 
Denser and wetter becomes the forest as we ascend the gradual slope which 
leads to Waialeale. We cross the first stream, Wailenalena, on whose banks the 
writer discovered a new violet, a variety of Viola robusta, which was named 
after the stream, var. Wailenalenae, outside of whose banks it has not been ob- 
served. It reaches a height of 3 to 6 feet, and has a woody stem, such as many of 
our violets possess. Two new shrubby species of Pelea grow in its company. As 
we approach the streams of Kailiili, Kaluiti, and Kanaholo, we find for the first 
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