time the very interesting haloragaceous Gunnera petaloidea (Ape ape), with its 
huge, thick, rugose, reniform leaves of sometimes five feet in diameter. Both 
banks of the streams are lined with these handsome plants, under whose leaves 
the traveler finds as perfect a protection from rain as under an umbrella. The 
stems of the plants are 4 to 5 feet tall, and can be cut with one stroke of the 
knife, though almost six inches in diameter. Associated with it is the newly- 
deseribed araliaceous T'etraplasandra Waialealae, which ascends, however, up 
to the summit of Waialeale, where it is most common. 
One would expect that in such a locality the tribe Lobelioideae would have 
many forms, which, however, is not the case. Only one species is found, which 
occurs also in the Elaeocarpus belt, and is new to science. The two species 
of Lobelia, J. Kauwaiensis and L. macrostachys var. Kauaiensis var. nov., are 
found in great numbers, especially the former, which forms often pure stands 
of several hundreds of plants in open spots. 
n the neighborhood of Kauluwehi swamp, Suttonia Kauaiensis and its 
tomentose variety form more or less tall shrubs. Cyperaceae are plentiful in the 
open swamps and forest as well, and will be mentioned under ‘‘ bog formations.’’ 
A very peculiar cyperaceous plant was found on a dry ridge leading to 
Waiakealoha. It was unfortunately neither in flower nor fruit, but was sent to 
Dr. Kiikenthal, the authority on this family. 
The common species of Gahnia and Cladium can be found at Kaholuamano 
as well as in the neighboring districts. 
THE MIDDLE FOREST REGION OF OAHU AND MOLOKAL 
The Islands of Oahu and Molokai have many species of plants in common. 
As we have seen, Elaeocarpus bifidus (Kalia) is almost the predominant tree of 
the first belt of the middle forest zone on Kauai; on Oahu the tree belongs to 
the lower forest zone and is only sparingly found above 2400 feet. On Molokai 
the tree is entirely absent, as well as on the rest of the islands of the group. The 
reason for this is probably to be found in the awkward size of the seed, which 
is about as large as a small pigeon’s egg, and dispersed by nature’s agents only 
with great difficulty or now not at a 
Of Lobelioideae, the genus Clermontia, only represented by one species on 
Kauai, achieved a wonderful development on Molokai and Oahu. The most 
common species is Cl. macrocarpa, found also in the lower forest zone at 1200 
feet elevation. Since the dying out of the once beautiful forest on the northern 
slope of Haleakala, especially between Kailua and Honomann, this shrub has 
taken possession of the land and seems to thrive where Ohia lehua trees could not 
exist. On Oahu we find the sharp ridges of the main range covered with dense 
vegetation (see Plate XX), especially so in the valleys of Punaluu and Ka- 
hana, until we reach the drier districts of Kahuku. Compositae are scarce on 
Oahu, and the genus Raillardia is practically absent. On Konahuanui several 
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