Here also occurs a creeping species of Lysimachia, together with Lycopods, and 
other cryptogams, besides Lagenophora mauiensis, which has descended from 
the bogs above. 
One of the interesting lobelioideous plants is Cyanea atra, a plant of the 
aspect of Cyanea tritomantha (see Plate VI), to which it is related. The 
flowers, as the name atra implies, are almost black. The plants are 10 to 15 
feet tall, and grow either along streambeds shaded by Gunnera petaloidea, or 
also in dense jungles in mossy forests. In the more open forests grow Cler- 
montia arborescens, Clermontia grandiflora, and, at an elevation of nearly 5000 
feet, Clermontia multiflora var. micrantha forma montana f. n. This latter 
plant is an exceedingly handsome lobelioideous shrub, with most beautiful foliage 
and bright pink flowers. It grows neither lower nor higher, but is peculiar to 
about 4800 to 5000 feet elevation. 
The variety micrantha is found, according to Hillebrand, in Waihee Valley 
in the bare gravel along the stream, while the species is found in the same valley 
and also on Oahu, in Wailupe. Another lobelioideous plant, Cyanea macroste gia, 
resembles C. atra closely, and is found often in its company. Other species of 
the same genus are found in Waikapu, Iao Valley, and above Kaanapali, but 
more in the lower forest zone. Of trees, the araliaceous Tetraplasandra meiandra 
var. may be mentioned, which is found at an elevation of 4300 feet. Here also 
belong the Labiate vines, such as Phyllostegia and Stenogyne, though sparingly 
represented. 
EAST MAUI—HALEAKALA. 
Haleakala, an extinct crater over 10,000 feet high, makes up the whole of 
East Maui. Its vegetative covering is indeed of great interest, but has suffered 
severely the last fifty years, and represents probably an entirely different aspect 
from what it was before the slopes of Haleakala were given over to the ranch- 
man and his cattle. The lower forest zone has already been described, and we 
have to consider now mainly the vegetation between 3000 to 5000 feet on the 
northern slopes of the mountain, as on the western and partly southern slopes 
nothing remains to be considered, as the grassy plains have not even a remnant 
of the once existing forest, except in deep gulches inaccessible to cattle, from 
which we can judge of what the forest was once composed. 
The western slope of the mountain is not much intersected by gulches, the 
only one of interest being Waihou gulch. The northern slope, however, is cut 
into many gorges, such as Waikamoi, Puohaokamoa, and Honomanu. The big- 
gest, however, in the northern outlet of Haleakala at Keanae, called Koolau gap, 
while the western outlet is known as Kaupo gap. 
The interesting forest commences at Olinda in the district of Hamakuapoko 
and up to Ukulele, from which latter place the upper forest zone begins. We 
find practically the same trees in this district as on West Maui, the most com 
mon and predominating trees being Cheirodendron gaudichaudu (Olapa), Co- 
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