Pterotropia dipyrena. The undershrub is again mainly Rubus hawaiiensis. 
The species of Cyanea found by Hillebrand are gone forever; and where they 
once reared their proud palm-like crowns toward the sky there is now only grass- 
land, with herds of cattle and ugly Euealypti. The writer was fortunate enough 
to find a specimen of the long-sought-for, gorgeous Cyanea arborea in that locality 
in a small galch inaccessible to cattle. It was the last of its race. He scoured 
the country for miles searching for the handsome Cyanea comata, but his 
searches were in vain: it had vanished forever. 
THE MOUNTAINS OF KOHALA, HAWAIL 
Above 3000 feet in the mountains of Kohala we find the vegetation similar to 
that of East and West Maui. Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron Gaudi- 
chaudu, and a host of species of Pelea are the most common trees. Like West 
Maui, the Kohala mountains are intersected by many deep gorges, of which the 
biggest are Waipio and Waimanu valleys, which are followed toward the west 
by Honokanenui, Honokaneiki and Pololu valleys; beyond them the country 
becomes flatter and only little gulehes descend to the sea. (See Plate XXIII.) 
All the sugar plantations of this part of the Island of Hawaii are situated here. 
As we advance farther west the land becomes very dry and is bare of vegetation. 
Back of Waimea village, which is situated at an elevation of 2700 feet, the 
mountains are intersected by only a few small gulches. The summit is called 
Kaala, and has an elevation of 5500 feet. The most prominent gulch on this 
side is Holokaiea. The valley of Waipio is very large and is divided into many 
other gorges of great interest. Hiilawe and Waima are minor valleys, while 
Alakahi and Kawainui, the latter a continuation of the former, reaches almost 
to the center of the mountain. The walls of these valleys are vertical and nearly 
3000 feet in height, with hundreds of waterfalls. Clouds hover nearly con- 
stantly over the ridges, and the traveler is lucky if he gets a glimpse of the 
depths below him. It is on these flats on each side of the valleys that the botan- 
ist finds a most interesting collecting ground. 
It is only recently that this part of the land was made accessible through 
the so-called upper Hamakua ditch trail, which leads to the headwaters of Ka- 
wainui gorge, opening to the botanist a most interesting field. Not less interest- 
ing is the land back of Awini in Kohala proper. On these flat forest lands the 
trees do not grow to any size, but are more or less stunted and covered with 
numerous mosses and hepaties, and are also festooned with Astelia veratroides, 
Vaccinium, and many ferns. Of great interest is the rutaceous genus Pelea, 
which has many forms here. One species new to science has extremely large 
capsules, and when bruised emits an even stronger odor than Pelea anisata of 
Kauai. Xanthoxylum is represented only by one species, which is new, and shall 
be known as Xanthoxylum Bluettianum sp. n., in honor of Mr. P. W. P. Bluett of 
Kohala, through whose courtesies the writer was enabled to explore this won- 
71 
