derful country. Labiatae are represented numerously, the most common being 
Stenogyne calaminthoides and several species of Phyllostegia. 
The tribe Lobelioideae reaches a most remarkable development, but especially 
the genus Clermontia, the species parviflora being the most common. not only 
in this district but in all the wet forests on Hawaii. Clermontia K ohalae, a new 
species with dark-purple flowers, is found on the lower Kohala ditch trail as 
well as Awini. The largest flowered species, however, occurs at an elevation of 
4200 feet, and is very variable in leaf as well as flower. It is also new, and was 
named by the writer Cl. drepanomorpha. It is associated with another new 
species of the same genus named Cl. leptoclada. At least five more species of 
this genus can be found, nearly all of which are new and were discovered by the 
writer. The genus Clermontia forms a large percentage of plant growth in the 
upper Kohala mountains, which is not the case either on Waialeale, Kauai, or 
Puukukui, West Maui. As on the other mountains so also here we find Coprosma, 
Cyrtandra, Tetraplasandra, and at an elevation of 3000 feet the interesting palm 
Pritchardia lanigera, differing from the other Hawaiian palms in its woolliness 
of leaf and spadix. Schiedea diffusa makes here also its appearance with several 
Labordea, and the lobeliaceous Cyanea pilosa. 
In more open boggy places we find Raillardia scabra, Raillardia sp., a new 
species of Plantago covered densely with long gray hair, Lycopods, Selaginella 
deflexa, Schizaea robusta, and other species. Suttonia sandwicensis is also not 
uncommon. At 4500 to 5000 feet elevation the forest is exceedingly wet and the 
ground covered with mosses two feet or more thick. On this high plateau are 
numerous volcanic blow-holes which are a constant danger to the traveler, as 
they are hidden from view by shrubs which grow on their sides and also by 
vines and moss. These blow-holes are often several hundred feet deep, and 
sometimes only 10 feet or so in diameter. As already said, they can seldom be 
perceived, but can always be heard, as water from the swamps drains into them, 
making the sound of a miniature waterfall. In this extremely wet, mossy forest 
the writer collected a great quantity of material which, owing to continuous field 
trips, has not yet all been worked up, but undoubtedly will result in the determ- 
ination of many new forms. 
Here also the writer found growing in the beautiful light-green moss a va- 
riety of Viola mauiensis which he named var. Kohalana. This is the first violet 
recorded from the Island of Hawaii. The flowers are blue, while the plant 
stands about five feet high. At the summit of the mountain a white-flowering 
form was found. 
Until the material of this region has been thoroughly worked out the descrip- 
tion now given will have to suffice. In general, the vegetative characteristics are 
the same as on West Maui. On the steep slopes of the valleys, especially along 
the sides of the enormous waterfalls, we find Gunnera petaloidea, the Ape ape 
of the natives, besides many ferns usually common to all wet districts of the 
higher levels. 
73 
