tioned. It has an altitude of about 3400 feet. Two main ridges run parallel the 
length of the island, and are called Lanai hale and Haalelepakai, the former being 
the highest. On the leeward side of these mountain ranges is a flat plateau con- 
sisting of about 24,000 acres, having an elevation of approximately 2000 feet; 
the southeastern end toward Manele is covered with the cactus Opuntia tiie 
(Panini) exclusively. This plateau must have been once upon a time covered 
with a xerophytie vegetation similar to that of the Kipuka Puaulu on Hawaii 
near the Voleano Kilauea. 
The main ridges of Lanai are covered with a similar vegetation to that of 
Molokai above Kamolo, but are not as wet as the latter, though here and there 
swampy spots can be found in which the newly-described var. lanaiensis of Viola 
Helena oceurs. Peculiar to these ridges are the thymelaeaceous Wikstroemia bi- 
cornuta, the lobelioideous Cyanea Gibsonii, and the goodeniaceous Scaevola 
cylindrocarpa. The most common composite at the summit ridge is Dubautia 
laxa var. hirsuta. One of the rare and interesting compositae, Hesperomannia 
arborescens, of which a few trees were seen about ten years ago, has vanished 
forever. Xanthoxylum has several species present, and so has also the genus 
Pittosporum, which on Lanai has the most varying species. That this particular 
genus is in these islands dependent on insects for fertilization is brought out by 
these numerous variations. It is difficult to arrange the classification of the va- 
rious species according to their capsules, as the writer had observed on Lanai not 
less than three capsules of different species on a single flower cluster. 
Araliaceae has several species here, especially the genus Tetraplasandra, of 
which the newly-deseribed 7. Lanaiensis is peculiar to Lanai; with it oceurs 
Suttonia Lanaiensis and Siderorylon spathulatum, the latter a small tree with 
cone-shaped yellow fruits. 
Very interesting is the vegetation in the valleys of Mahana, Koele, and Kai- 
holena, which is of a xerophytie character. Lobelioideae are here rather scarce, 
and, as already mentioned, the tribe has only one species peculiar to Lanai. 
The extreme western district of Lanai is covered with an interesting mixed 
or dry forest, mainly composed of Osmanthus sandwicensis, Sideroxylon spathu- 
latum, Nothocestrum sp., Chrysophyllum polynesicum, Suttonia sp., Plectronia 
odorata, Gardenia Brighami, Bobea Hookeri, and others. 
The land has been very much eroded and portions of this interesting wood- 
land are now buried beneath earth and sand dunes, only the tips of trees pro- 
truding through the earth. 
The windward side is exceedingly barren and only the xerophytie Pili grass, 
Andropogon contortus, grows between the rocks, together with Waltheria ameri- 
cana, Sida fallax, and, lower down, Gossypium tomentosum. The gulches of 
Mauna Lei and Nahoku are almost barren, the latter very much so. Mauna Lei 
is exceedingly interesting from a geological standpoint. Vegetation is very scarce 
and only few trees can be found, as Erythrina monosperma (Wiliwili) and some 
of those already mentioned above. At the very head of this gorge, which near 
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