KEY TO THE SPECIES. 
Stipes tuberculate, and clothed with long blackish-brown hairs............ C. Menziesii 
Stipes smooth and glabrous in the upper portion.................0.00005 C. Chamissoi 
Cibotium Menziesii Hook. 
Hapu ivi or Hei. 
(Plates 28, 29.) 
CIBOTIUM Doveyn pate ae 4 af os Naariee 84, t. 29 e;—Brack. Fil. U. ». E. 
(1854) 280;—H. Man cad. vit. (1867) 212:—Hbd, Fl. * ol Isl. 
pres 546; Heller in Sones Bot 8 St end. X. (1897) oe —Diels in Engl. et Prantl 
Pfizfam. I. 4, (1902) 121;—Christens. fdas Fil. (1906) 183;—Robinson in Bul. 
Torr. Bot. Cl. 39, (191 2)’ 243. a pruinatum Metten et Kuhn in Linnaea, 36, 
(1869) 150.—Diksonia Menziesii Hook. et Bak. Syn, (1866) 49 et II ed. (1874) 
49;—Del Cast. Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pace. VIT (1892) 356. 
Stipes green, stout, ith a ventral and two lateral furrows, tuberculate and shaggy 
at the base with a stra aightish a long rat leap glossy pulu which changes higher 
up into stiff long oe a and as such often covers the entire stipes; frond with 
ob ie 18 to 36 dm and 9 to 15 haa or more broad, 2 Bayerhongs -oblong, coriace- 
ous, naked undern cath ‘or sometimes aes eerie beet eae dot e rhachis se er 
with “scattering tubercles; pin with a stipe to 50 mm, nese 4.5 to dm 
ong, bearing 18 to of airs of fre ee pinnules besides the pinnatifid apex; Frege staneles 
shortly stipitate, linear ese pee acute, cut halfway or mor to rhachis at 
the base, a oblong rounded or entire segments, whieh are vio oi by sok sinuses; 
veinlets very prominent, gts: or forked; sori § to 14 0 lobe, also fringing the sinus. 
vol. cor oeue large, a little more than 1 mm to Rio ag 3 mm in width, the outer valve 
fornicate and large, the inner flat and narrower 
Cibotium Menziesii or Hapu Iii of the natives is the most stately tree fern 
of the Hawaiian forests. Nowhere in the islands does this handsome fern reach 
such a wonderful development as on Hawaii in the forests of Puna, Hilo, and 
especially in the Kohala mountains. In the district of Paauhau, on the wind- 
ward slopes of Mauna Kea (13823 feet) the writer saw the biggest specimens. 
The fibrous trunks of these immense ferns have often a diameter of three 
feet and reach a height of about 24 feet or so, not including the almost erect 
fronds, which measure occasionally more than 12 feet, giving it a total height 
of sometimes 36 feet. Thanks to the hardiness of these ferns, they were and are 
able to withstand attacks from cattle, and even when uprooted by wild pigs, and 
laid prostrate, they continue to grow 
Nothing is more beautiful than a inna of pure Ohia forest with trees of 
about 80 feet in height, when growing together with this beautiful fern, which 
forms the dense undergrowth. Their bright-green fronds produce a pleasing 
contrast to the rather grayish Ohia lehua trees, which contrast is enhanced when 
the latter are displaying their beautiful red blossoms. Such a forest, when not 
in the vicinity of human dwellings, is inhabited by native birds of all colors, red 
(the Tiwi), however, predominating. These birds feed on the pollen of the Ohia 
flowers, and can be seen in great numbers, often sitting on the bright-green 
fronds of the majestic tree ferns. 
The Hapu Iii occurs, however, on all the islands at an elevation of from 2000 
to 6000 feet and perhaps higher. Ordinarily the trunks are not taller than 8 
feet or so, but, as already mentioned, the fern reaches its best development on 
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