Cyatheaceae. 
the Island of Hawaii. The wool or pulu of this fern, as well as of the two other 
species, was used in stuffing pillows, ete., and the trees were ruthlessly cut down 
by the pulu gatherers in order to get easily at the wool. Since the pulu is no 
longer in demand and as hardly any is being gathered at present, the ferns 
have begun to thrive again, and fine specimens can be met with in all the Ha- 
waiian rain forests. 
It might be of interest to remark that the Ohia lehua (Metrosideros poly- 
morpha) is a close associate of the Hapu Iii. Both the fern and the tree are 
often found growing together to such an extent that it is difficult to distinguish 
the tree trunk from the trunk of the fern. 
The natives have an idea that the Hapu Jii fern is the mother of the Ohia 
lehua. : 
The seeds of the Ohia lehua often germinate in the crowns of the tree ferns, 
sending down their roots along the very fibrous, often water-soaked trunk. In 
time the fern begins to die and the Ohia lehua is left standing with stilt roots 
of often 15 feet or more in height, after which the real trunk of the tree com- 
mences. Such examples are very numerous in the Hawaiian forests, and un- 
doubtedly led the Hawaiians to the belief that the tree fern is the parent of the 
Ohia lehua. 
Cibotium Chamissoi Kaulf. 
apu. 
(Plate 30.) 
CIBOTIUM CHAMISSOI Kaulf, Enum. Fil. i. 230, a i; "ea 14;—-Spreng. syst. IV. (1827) 
127 ;— Fee Tentam, Pterid. (1836) 6 11, es a Fl. Suds. (1836) no. 
512;—Hook. Spee. Fil. I. (1 sr OS = “Brack ih t es (1854) 279;—Moore 
Ind. Fil. (1857- -62) 259;—H. Acad. "vii (1867) 212; —Hhd. 
Fl. Haw. ee Boor buy: Onna Fok 1807} 316;—Heller in Mines. 
Bot. Stud. (1897) 776;—Diels in Engl. et son ss Palas I, 
4 (1902) —Christens. Ind. Fil. (1906) 183;—R Bull. 
Rad Bot. Cl, "39° (1912) 243.—C. pruinatum Mett. et Kuhn in erreee 36 (186 9) 
Ins, Mar. Pacif. VII (1892) fi Poi splendens aud. Ann. Sei, Nat. IT 
(1 824 ) me _— Gen. p. 96, Bot. Voy. Uranie (1896 title page, appeared 
ar Ae —Dicksonia A Pon Obs: Prodr. (1827) 318.—Dicksonia, Smith 
x R. Bro 
St coe 12 to ne dm, br apse smooth, clothed at the base with a pale fawn-colored 
lustreless matted or cobwebb , fu rfuraceous or naked above; frond 12 to 24 dm long, 
chartae ceous, the under — green or dull glaucous and generally covered with a pale cob 
rebby pubesce Heb; lowest pinnae 4.5 to 7.5 dm long, with 24 to 28 pairs of pinnules, these 
shortly stipitate, Santis naceelike 12.5 to 15 em by 16 ” his a mnie the lower ones 
eut to near the rhachis into oblong, sceatahsioh, rather obtuse segments with narrow 
sinuses, the basal segments outire and not deflected; renlede little a sori 8 to 14 
to a segment, the involucre small about 1 mm wide, ¢ chartaceous 
The Hapu, which is of much smaller stature than its congener, the Hapu Iii 
or Heii. is one of the most common tree ferns of the group. It occasionally has 
a trunk of 16 or more feet in height, but never reaches the size of Cibotium 
Menziesii. Both are, however, found growing together and are most numerous 
on Hawaii, especially in the forests of Puna and back of Hilo. Near the Voleano 
House pure stands of these two species can be found, usually associated with 
93 
