SANTALACEAE. 
The family Santalaceae, which consists of 26 genera and about 250 species, is 
divided into two groups: Holoparasites or genuine, and Hemiparasites or half 
parasites. To the latter group, among others, belongs the genus Santalum, which 
is represented here in the Islands by several species. The Hemiparasitice Santala 
root in the ground and partly extract nutriment from the roots or stems of other 
plants by means of haustoria or suck-organs. It has been proved in Santalum 
album, the Indian Sandalwood, that it can exist and grow in soil perfectly devoid 
of foreign roots. Botanists are of the opinion that parasitism in this group must 
have played an important part in the existence of these plants in previous pe- 
riods, on account of the large number of haustoria on their rootlets, and the 
small number of which succeed in bringing about adhesion to roots of other 
plants; whilé in genuine parasites, as the Loranthaceae, no such extravagant 
endowment is to be found. The opinion has been expressed that these Hemipara- 
sites, which root in the ground, form an intermediate step to those para- 
sites which live on tree branches, rather than being reduced forms of the latter 
or genuine root parasites. 
The Santalaceae are distributed over the tropics and the temperate zone. A 
majority of the genera occurs only in dry regions and comparatively few belong 
to regions with heavy precipitation. 
In Hawaii the family is represented by two genera, Exocarpus and Santalum ; 
of the former two species are to be found, while of the latter four or five species 
occur in the mountains of all of the Hawaiian islands. 
It may be of interest here to remark that in the days of Vancouver, Sandal- 
wood was the main export from these Islands, which was shipped to China. An 
interesting account is given in regard to Sandalwood export from the South Pa- 
cific islands to various parts of the world, in Seeman’s Flora of the Fiji Islands. 
The Chinese term the Sandalwood Tanheong. i. e., scented tree. The Hawaiian 
Islands are called Tan-shan or Sandalwood mountains by the Chinese, on account 
of the Sandalwood trade which was earried on with China. 
SANTALUM Linn. 
Flowers hermaphrodite, perigone 4 to 5 lobed. Tube of perigone eampanulate or ovate. 
Lobes of perigone free to the discus, each lobe with a tuft of hair at its base. Stamens 
drawn out into fleshy, spathulate triangular lobes, between the stamens. Ovar 
superior, later on partly inferior. Style si 
2 to pendu 
cotyledons. Glabrous hemiparasitie trees or shrubs with opposite rarely alternate, entire 
leaves, and relatively large panicles or racemes which are either terminal or axillary 
Bracts not present. 
The genus Santalum consists of about 10 species which are all closely related 
and occur in East India, on the islands of the Malayan Archipelago, on the 
islands of the Pacific and in Australia. 
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