Nyetaginaceae. 
a common base. The writer has observed splendid specimens on the Island of 
Kauai, in the dry districts and gulches below Kaholuamano about 2500 feet 
above sea level, where it is to be found in company with Cryptocarya Mannii, 
Hibiscus Waimeae, Urera sp., Xylosma Hawaiiense (Maua), Osmanthus sand- 
wicensis, the native olive, Olopua or Pua, and others. The tree is conspicuous 
from the distance on account of its large and very dark-green leaves; the wood, 
like that of the other species, is soft, and trees are never cut for the sake of the 
wood. The flowers, which are arranged in globose heads, are very fragrant and 
not altogether unattractive. On Lanai, where it does not grow to such a height as 
on Kauai, it associates with Rauwolfia sandwicensis, Siderorylon sp., Suttonia 
Lanaiensis, ete., and thrives best at an altitude of about 2000 feet, on the dry 
ridges of Kaiholena and Mahana valleys. It has also been recorded from Molokai 
and Maui. The Aulw flowers usually during the summer months, from June to 
August, though fruits, which have the same properties as the Papala kepau, may 
be seen together with flowers on one and the same tree. It is peculiar to the 
Hawaiian Islands. The largest leafed specimens the writer observed on the lava 
fields of Kapua, S. Kona, Hawaii, where it is a small tree. 
The wood is very light when dry and very porous; the branches are very 
brittle and break easily. 
Pisonia inermis Forst. 
Papala kepau. 
(Plates 52, 53.) 
re INERMIS Forst. Prodr. (1776) 75. no. 397;—Seem. Fl. Vit. gg 195.— 
inermis var. leiocarpa Hbd. Fl. Haw. Isl. (1888) 369.—P. grandis R. Brown 
Prodr. Noy. Holl. (1810) 422;—H. Mann Proe. Am. Acad. vil (1867) ROSY fe 
Heimer! in Engl. et Prantl Pfizfam. IIT. 1. b. ef re Es oe: Bertero, mss. 
in Guill. Zeph. Tait. (1837) yf ete Teon. Sel IIL. t. 87.—P. Brunoniana 
Endl. Fl. Norf. (1833) 43, n. 88;—F. Bauer, Tilust. PL Nort t. 145.—P. umbelli- 
fera Del “ole Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar, Pace. VII. (1892) 268 et Fl. Polyn. Frane. (1893) 
157, ex par 
8 opposite, elliptico or obovate oblong 8 to 14 em long,, 3 to 8 em wide, on 
petioles of 15 to 20 mm, bluntly acuminate, gras at the base, thin; a mostly 
hermaphrodite in a loose open panicle of 15 to em in length; perigone pale, 4 to 6 mm, 
tubular funnel shaped, the spreading limb entire, gudiad with 5 to 10 crenatures; stamens 
0 12 exserted; style as long as the stamens, stigma oblique, not fringed; fruiting peri- 
pias fusiform $5 m mm long, 5-ribbed, 
This tree, as well as Pisonia umbellifera, is known to the natives as Papala 
Kepau (kepau being the general name for substances such as tar, pitch, ete.), 
on account of the viscid glue which exudes from the fruits. It is a small tree 15 
to 18 feet high, with elliptical-oblong thin leaves; it differs from the other two 
Species in its large, loose panicle and in the flowers, which have the perigone not 
parted but entire. It inhabits the dry or semi-dry districts. It may be found in 
gulehes back of Makawao, Island of Maui, in company with Pelea cinerea, Xan- 
tho-ylum sp., Pseudomorus Brunnoniana, ete., as well as on the lava fields of 
Auahi, erater of Haleakala. On Hawaii it grows on the outskirts of the lava fields 
147 
