Aquifoliaceae. 
ILEX L. 
Flowers through abortion dioecious. 4 to many lobed, usually isomerous, calyx 
rarely oligomerous, and ovary pleiomerous. 
Subgenus BYRONTIA (Endl.) Loes. 
Inflorescence single or in ier tis axils or single lateral at the base of y dee aot, 
or 
abe long peduncled, one ral times dichotomous or trichotomous, je 2108 
eased fork _ rarely ame lately contracted. alah isomerous, or ofte nf eas 
the f als flowers heteromerou Petals occasionally shorter than the ovary. Staminodia 
of the female Saves er pe ein iio anthers, resembling cial the petals. Ovary 5, 0 
more often 6, to many celled, occasion ae 22 celled. vules single in each cell. Trees 
with chartaceous or mostly thi ck coriaceous, entire, or rarely peel ia es. 
The genus Byronia, established a Endlicher, was reduced by Loesener to a 
subgenus under the genus Ilex, which was again divided into two classes, A. Eu- 
byronia, into which falls the Hawaiian representative, now Ilex sandwicensis 
(Endl.) Loes., and B. Micrococca Loes. with a single species found in Japan. 
Ilex sandwicensis (Endl.) Loes. 
Kawau, or Aiea on Kauai. 
(Plate 102.) 
ILEX Snag fanaa erin Loes. in Engler et Prantl Pfizfam. Nachtr. I. y 218.— 
ook et Arn. Bot. Beech. (1832) 111 t. 25.—Byro onia sandWwicensis 
eae he wane Wien Mus. I. (1836) 184,—et Fl. Suds. (83 6) no, RG aS 
Bot. U. S. E. E. (1854) 296. ue 26;—H. Kero Proc. Am. Aead, VII. say) 161, 
et Fl. Haw. Isl. Essex Inst. (1867) 171;—Wawra in Flora (1873) 170;— 
lee andl Haw, sie (1888) 78; ne Cast. Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pac. VI. (1890) 1388;— 
na Kapa 911) ‘178, fig 105. ee iota anomala Heller Pl. Haw. 
vans 847, ot B, sandwicensis Endl. eee . p. 848 
ee an ger ehione or obovate ae ovate, 5 to oes 2 to 6 em wide, on pet tioles 
of 5 to 25 mm, obtuse, narrowing toward the base, "eatise or rarely se errulate, coriaceous, 
dark green above, lighter underneath, glossy above, with impressed nerves; flowers numer- 
ie e 
i) 
ee 
fs 
for) 
= 
5 
yy 
= 
a 
Led 
~ 
oO 
ee 
o 
° 
oy 
a 
ta] 
So 8 
om 
fer] 
5 
oe 
fos) 
me 
a 
a2 
i) 
oS 
fan) 
et 
— 
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v7) 
ee 
didymous, drupe spherical, smooth, 12 to 18 grooved solani ature or dry, black, dull, with 
purplish “bruit flesh, containing 2 to 18 feeavatis pyren 
The writer has abundant material of this species from various localities all 
over the group, and after comparing the many specimens he comes to the conclu- 
sion that, as so many of our Hawaiian trees are polymorphous or variable, the 
Kawau or Aiea proves to be no exception. Hillebrand in his Flora of the Ha- 
waiian Islands fails to mention that the flowers are often sterile and that the 
anthers are often wanting in fertile flowers. 
It is a handsome tree reaching a height of 20 to 40 feet, with a trunk of often 
one foot in diameter. It is, however, occasionally a shrub with stiff ascending 
branches and leaves crowded at the ends of the latter. Such shrubs can be found 
near Kilauea Voleano on Hawaii, elevation 4000 feet, among the sub-xerophytice 
vegetation, or in open swampy country. It is one of the most common forest trees 
on all the islands and is more or less confined to the rain forests, though ocea- 
265 
