71) . MAMMALS. 



For example, the Anthropoid Monkej'S are foiuid both in West Africa, and Borneo and Sumatra ; 

 and although the species which come from tliese two so widely separated countries difi'er a good deal 

 iu appearance they are undoubtedly pretty closely connected. It is impossible to avoid supposing that 

 when India was connected with Africa, some other forms of anthropoid Monkeys existed in the 

 sujiposed continent, now the Indian Sea, and stretched across it all the way to Zanguebar, and from 

 thence to the Gaboon, through the tropical or equatorial band of forest, which, it is almost certain, 

 spans Central Africa ; and although far from likely, other forms of anthropoid Monkeys may yet 

 be found there, wherever the climate is suitable for tlicm. In other classes of animals recent 

 researches have detected, on the east coast, and far in the interior, new species of genera, which 

 had previously been supposed confined to the west coast, as, for example, new species of the 

 Goliath beetle, a remarkable West African form, which, moreover, has also affinities with species 

 found in the Indian Archipelago. 



The Baboons furnish another instance of Monkeys nearly allied to each other beiag found both in 

 Africa, and on the relics of the sunken continent in the east, and nowhere else. Map 9 shows 

 first, that the true Baboons are all found south of the Saharan barrier, supporting the conclusion 

 arrived at in last chapter, that the old Africa of which we speak, or Africa proper, was bounded 

 on the north by the Saharan barrier, whether that were desert or sea ; and next that one, if not 

 two, allied species of Baboons also exist in Celebes. They are true Baboons, but are well distin- 

 guished from the African tj'pe, in that the latter have their nostrils at the end of their muzzle 

 like a dog, while the Celebes species have them on the front of their face like other monkeys, 

 without a projecting muzzle. 



If it be true that a single straggling species of Cekcopithecus (a genus peculiar to Africa, and 

 more especially West Africa) exists in the Philippine Isles or iu Celebes and Timor, as stated by 

 Dr. Sclater,* the evidence of relationship between the species of Africa and the eastern remnants of 

 the submerged continent wul be still stronger. Mr. Wallace, however, who has had excellent 

 opportunities of observation, doubts the accuracy of Dr. Sclater's information on this point. 



The section to which the species of Monkeys belong, and the locality whence they come, are 

 easily distinguishable by the phj'sical characters of the individuals. The Old-world Monke3'S have 

 a narrow septum, or division, between the nostrils, whence they have been called Catarkhini ; 

 the New-world species, a broad division, hence their name Platyrriiini. None of the New-world 

 species have cheek-pouches or callosities ; none of the Old-world species have prehensile tails. 

 \7henever we see an individual with a prehensile tail we may be sure it is American ; when- 

 ever we see one with cheek-jiouclies it comes from the Old World. As already mentioned, 

 also, the Old-world species have a tooth less on each side of each jaw, and they have the " yellow 

 spot " on the retina, wliich is found in Man, which the New- world Monkeys are said not to have.f 



Catarrhini — Old-world Monkeys. (Maps 8 and 9.) The most important members of this 

 family are the — 



AismiROPOiu Monkeys. (Map 8.) They consist of the Orang Utangs, the Chimpanzee, and 



* Dr. Sclater in "Proceed. Linn. Soc." vul. ii. p. 153. could never obtain materials. I suggest the examination 



1868. as an interesting inquiry to any naturalist or medical man 



+ I made several ineffectual attempts to get my friends who may have opportunities in the country itself. There 



to examine or to send me home eyes of the South Ame- is little doubt that the "yellow spot" will be present, but 



ricau Indian tribes themselves, iu order to afsocrtain whether if it were not, what a curious new source of speculation 



the yellow spot is present in the retina of their eyes, but would be opened to us ! 



