MONKEYS. 77 



Gorillas. The native habitat of the Urang Utang is Borneo and the eastern part of Sumatra, 

 and, like the Malay of that country, his colour is brown ; that of the Chimpanzee and Gorillas, the 

 tropical west coast of Africa ; where, like the native Negro, the animal's colour is black. Agassiz 

 suggests that these coincidences have some bearing on the origin of the different species, but I rather 

 look upon them as belonging to a different category of facts elsewhere, namely, that which I have 

 discussed under the title of "Disguises of Nature,"* due to some principle by which the colora- 

 tion of species seems regulated by certain qualities in the place where they live. The Gorilla 

 and Chimpanzee formerly' reached to the coast south of the Niger, but have now been driven 

 further back into the interior. Altliough now rare to the north of it, they are still to be met 

 with there, and were found in abimdance in that country not very long ago. Bowdich distinctly 

 describes both as occurring in Ashanteef in his day (1824). 



The long-armed, tailless genus Hylobates (the Gibbons), may abnost be reckoned Anthropoid. 

 Agassiz and Huxley so consider it, but it seems rather to be the transition form between them 

 and the other Catarrhixi. It is peculiar to the East. It does not occur in the Peninsida of India, 

 but two species are found on the eastern side of the Bay of Bengal, and others in Sumatra, Java, &c. 

 The number of species, according to my view, is four. 



The Pkesbytes, or Semnopitheci (so called from the Greek words eii/.nc, venerable, and c;^?if , a 

 monkey, in reference to the veneration paid to them in India), have all long but not prehensile tads. 

 Their distribution is nearly the same as that of the Gibbons, but differs in their being well represented 

 in the Peninsula of India. They are also found in Ceylon, but the fauna of Ceylon shows in some 

 respects differences from that of Southern India, and one of these is, that not one of the Monkeys 

 living upon the island is identical with those of India. There are found on it four species of this 

 genus (Wanderoos, as they are there called) and one ilacaca; and as Sir Emerson Tennent says, 

 each separate species has appropriated to itself a different district of the wooded country, and 

 seldom encroaches on the domain of its neighbour,^ or, as I would put it, some difference in the 

 physical condition of each of these districts has resulted in producing a different species for each. 



The four-fingered genus CoLOiiUS, also with a long tail, is pecidiar to Africa, more than two- 

 thirds of the species being found on the west coast, and the remainder in Abyssinia, Seuaar, &c. 



The Cercopitheci are also whollj'- African ; it might almost be said wholly West African, for out 

 of rather more than a score of species there is only one from Abj'ssinia and two from Caffraria. All 

 the rest are from the Gambia, Sierra Leone, the Gold Coast, &c. The doubtful species in Celebes has 

 been already referred to. 



The Macacus is an East Indian genus ; with the exception of one or two species, foimd in "West 

 Africa. The only short-tailed species (M. Innuus), often incorrectly called tlio Baboon, is from North 

 Africa, and is also found wild on the opposite coast on the Eock of Gibraltar. The genus stretches 

 from thence to the East Indies, Indian, Archipelago, and China, whence come the Bonnet Monkeys, 

 Macacus cyxomulgvs, M. Sinicus, and M. Rhesus, the favourite companions of the organ-men, and 

 commonest inhabitants of menageries. 



C\ivi0CEPHALi. (Map 9.) The Baboons and Mandrils, with one or perhaps two exceptions of 

 the aberrant form above mentioned from the Philippine Islands, Celebes, Batchian, and Lorabok, are 



* " Di.sgui.ses of Kature," in Ediu. Kew Phil. .Journal, X Sir J. Emerson Tennent's "Ceylon." 1859, and E. J. 



January, ISCO. Kela art, '• Proilronius Fauna; Zrylanica;." 1652. 



t Bowdkh's " Mi.'jsion to Ashantee," 1824. 



