108 MAMMALS. 



elliptical. Oil the other hand, thcj' have the character of tail of the Foxes, their tails being even 

 longer than theirs, but this is not a point of importance as a character, many of our domestic Dogs 

 having bushy, long, fox-like tails. 



Of the South American species the C. jubata of Brazil is the largest and fiercest. It is 

 provided with a mane, and has points of resemblance to the Hytena. Buriueister* describes a new 

 dog C. EXTKERiANUs, of the section Lycalopex, apparently peculiar to the province of Entre Rios, 

 isolated in form as in position by the two great rivers which form the natural boundaries of that 

 province. After passing the southern tropic we find a new form of Dog — the Antarctic Wolf, 

 C. Magellaxicus — which lives in holes like a fox, and subsists chiefly on birds. It is found 

 throughout Patagonia and in the Falkland Islands. 



The Jackals range over the whole of Africa and the southern parts of Asia. It is to this 

 section, too, that any species of Dog found in the Indian Archipelago are to be referred. To 

 it also belongs the Australian Duigo. 



Dog-Hy^na : Lycaon venaticus or pictus. This is a very remarkable animal, which inhabits 

 South Africa, and partakes of the characters both of the Hyasna and the Dog, but, as already 

 said, approaches most nearly to the Dog. It has the teeth of a Dog with the feet of a Hjaena, four 

 toes on both anterior and posterior legs, instead of five on the anterior and four on the posterior 

 as in the Dog. It has the Hyaena's taste for foul feeding as well as the Dog's for fresh game. 

 It hunts by the scent like Dogs, and in packs like Wolves. f They have more than one ciy — one 

 like the bark of a Dog, and another like the laughing chatter of the Hysena.J It has the ears 

 and the transversely-striped coloration of the Hyiena, and a similar remarkable admixture of the 

 characters of the two animals in other respects. They live in holes in desolate open plains. The 

 advocates of the formation of sjjecies by hybridization could not find a more satisfactory illustration 

 for their purpose ; while those who, like myself, do not admit hybridization as a direct instrument 

 in the formation of species, will see in this animal one of those instances which are occasionally, 

 but not often, to be met with, where a species seems to stand exactly midway between animals which 

 are still existing. It does not follow that it is the descendant of the one and the parent of the 



* Bdkmeisteu, " Reise durch die La Plata staatcn mit | " Their voice consists of three different kinds of cry, 



besonderen Rucksiglit auf die Physische Beschaffenhcit each being used on special occasions. One of their cries is 



und die Culturzustaud der Argentinischen Republik-aus- a sharp angry bark, usually uttered when they suddenly 



gefiihrt in den Jahren 18.37-1800," 2 vols. 8vo. Halle, behold an object which they cannot make out. Another 



ISGl. resembles a number of monkeys chattering together, or 



I "These animals invarialily hunt together in largo men conversing when their teeth are chattering violently 

 organized packs, varying in number from ten to sixty, and from cold. This cry is emitted at night, when large 

 by their extraordinary powers of endurance and mode of numbers of them are together, and they are excited by any 

 mutual assistance, they are enabled to run into the swiftest, particular occurrence, such as being barked at by domestic 

 or overcome the largest anil- most powerful antelope. dogs. The third cry, and the one most commonly uttered 

 Tlieir pace is a long, never tiring gallop, and in the chase by them, is a sort of rallying note to bring the various 

 they relieve one another, the leading hounds falling to the members of the pack together when they have been scat- 

 roar when fatigued, when others, who have been husbanding tcred in following several individuals of a troop of ante- 

 their stren^^th, come up and reheve them. Having sue- lopes. It is a peculiarly soft and melodious cry, yet 

 ceeded in bringing their quarry to bay they all surround nevertheless may be distinguished at a great distance. It 

 him, and he la immediately dragged to the ground, and in a very much resembles the second note uttered by the 

 few moments torn to pieces and consumed." — Gordon cuckoo, which visits our island during the summer months ; 

 CuMMiNO, A Hunter's Life in South Africa, vol. i. p. 169. and when heard on a calm morning echoing through the 

 The description might also do for an account of the doings distant woodlands it has a very pleasing effect." — Gordon 

 of a pack of hungry Wolves. Gumming, op. cit. vol. i. p. 170. 



