( cxxxv ) 



are broadly goblet-shaped. The base is slightly rounded, the 

 distal margin segmentally arched, not angulated. The fimbriae 

 are short, waved and discrete. The scales vary somewhat in 

 breadth and in other particulars. This is also the case with 

 P. crataegi, where however the sides are iisunlly parallel and 

 the base rounded. The apex is sharp, as often in Tatochila, 

 and the fimbriae resemble in character those of P. soracta. 



The scent-scales in Keophasia menapia are found with 

 difficulty, being to all appearance very scanty. They are 

 peculiar in aspect, long and narrow, with the sides nearly 

 parallel and the base sloping away into a footstalk which 

 terminates in a slight expansion representing the accessory 

 disc. In one of these scales the distal extremity is rounded, 

 an(i a central tuft of very short fimbriae occupies about half 

 of the distal margin ; in another, the distal extremity has a 

 distinct apex provided with very short fimbriae along its 

 whole extent. The aspect recalls that of the narrower plume- 

 scales in Synchloe daplidice, where also the fimbriae may be 

 very short. 



One of the most interesting members of the Pierine sub- 

 family is the gregarious nest-xnf\kix\gh\itteviij -Eucheira socialis. 

 This insect disappoints expectation by providing nothing in 

 the way of scent-scales which might help in determining its 

 affinities. If such structures exist, I have so far been unable 

 to find them. 



With Eucheira we may end our present survey of the 

 Pierine subfamily. It now remains to notice some of the 

 general results that the consideration of the Pierine plume- 

 scales enables us to reach. 



In the first place, it is obvious that inasmuch as the occur- 

 rence of these structures within the subfamily is not universal, 

 we may make a rough division of the Piei'ines into those that 

 possess them and those that do not. Such a division, however, 

 though good in logic, would not by itself form an accurate 

 basis for zoological classification. It would, for example, not 

 only separate the Idmais group of Teracolus from the bulk of 

 that genus, for which doubtless there is something to be said, 

 but it would throw the African species of NycMUma into one 

 section and the Asiatic species into the other ; besides intro- 



