Heredity in six families of Papilio clardanus. 435 



These results are the most remarkable hitherto attained 

 by Mr. G. F. Leigh, all the forms being represented in 

 considerable proportions, and the predominance of cenea 

 being far less marked than in any other family. 



The hippoeoon parent. — A glance at fig. 1 on Plate 

 XXIII will show that the parent is a normal hippoeoon 

 form with spot (5) undivided. 



The fourteen male offspring. — The heaviness of the hind- 

 wing band is about as in Families 1 and 2, viz. next to 

 the darkest, Family 5, but separated from it by a consider- 

 able interval. 



The three hippoeoon offspring. — The individual repre- 

 sented in Plate XXIII, fig 2a, is the only one with spot 

 (5) in the cell of the fore-wing divided. In the other 

 two the chief white marking is smaller, suggesting the 

 appearance of forms from the West Coast {merope). 



The three trophonitts off spiring. — In all three examples a 

 pale fulvous tint spreads from the nervules crossing the 

 subapical white bar, and in one example also overspreads 

 the outer half of spot (5). The lens shows that this tint 

 is due to fulvous scales scattered over the white areas, 

 and thickly crowded along the nervules. 



Although the upper surface pattern of trophonius at 

 first sight appears to be nothing more than hippoeoon with 

 the white of the chief marking replaced by fulvous — a 

 view adopted by the jjresent writer in Trans. Ent. Sue. 

 Lond., 1906, p. 290 — in certain special points it has 

 diverged in the direction of its particular model, e/wy- 

 sippiijS. In the fore-wing the fulvous area invades or over- 

 spreads the black ground-colour towards the base of the 

 cell. In the hind-wing the outer border of the fulvous 

 area projects into the black margin between the nervules, 

 forming a scalloped junction which, as in D. ehrysippus 

 itself, is more strongly marked in the costal half of the 

 wings. The fulvous area is also more sharply marked otf 

 from the black margin than in the hi2ypocoon form. These 

 points of distinction are small and developed very variably. 

 They are better seen when Fig. 3a is compared with Fig. 

 2a than when it is compared with Fig. 1. 



Spot (5) is undivided in the three trophonius offspring. 



The eight cenea offsp)ring. — It has already been shown 

 in the tabular statement that three of these individuals 

 have the chief spot (1) of the fore-wing white (e. g. as in 

 the individual shown on Plate XXIII, fig. 4a), while in 



TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1908. — PART III. (DEC.) 29 



