Species of the Genus Limenitis. 469 



As regards the blue-edged green iridescence, the hind- 

 wing under surface of turnus much resembles that of the 

 female asterius. On the upper surface of the same wing 

 the limitation of the submarginal blue iridescent scales by 

 a black line (representing the inner boundary of the heavy 

 black submarginal band of glaucus) also strongly suggests 

 the female asterius, while the development of blue irides- 

 cence over the disc of the wing beyond this limit resembles 

 troihis. The female of asterius is characterised by the 

 absence of iridescence on the basal side of a black line 

 corresponding to the limit above described. In place of 

 the discal iridescence there usually appears on the hind- 

 wing of the female asterius a more or less well-preserved 

 vestige of the conspicuous yellow band of tlie male, extend- 

 ing, although in a less developed state, into the fore-wing. 

 These features render the female asterius a less perfect 

 mimic of philenor than are the other Papilios, although in 

 the fore-wing of the male troilus a corresponding band is 

 generally found, but in a far more vestigial condition. 

 On the under side of the fore-wing in both sexes of this 

 species as well as of the female asterius, this same band 

 is far more evident, but undoubtedly concealed in the 

 natural position of rest. 



Secondary mimetic resemblances between the 



THREE PaPILIONINE MIMICS OF P. PHILENOR. 



The resemblance between these three mimics is stronger 

 and more evident than might be inferred from the com- 

 parison of details contained in the last section. The 

 dominant element in this secondary resemblance is the 

 character of the blue and greenish tints on both surfaces. 

 These in all the mimics present an appearance markedly 

 different from that of the primary model, philenor, with 

 its brilliant steely lustre. The remarkable likeness between 

 the two rows of orange-red spots on the under side of the 

 hind-wing in asterius and troilus is another important 

 point, as also the fact that the female form turnus is pre- 

 vented from being a mere melanic form of glaucus not only 

 in details which resemble the primary model but in those 

 which resemble its co-mimics. Upon the wing or even at 

 rest from a little distance, all three mimetic Papilios would 

 present the closest likeness to one another. 



The larger of the two red spots near the anal angle of 



