488 Prof. E. B. Poulton on S;pceics of Limenitis. 



6. The three mimicking species of Papilio — troilus, 

 asterius (female), and glaucns (female f.) — exhibit second- 

 ary mimicry of one another. 



7. Secondary mimicry of these three Papilios has led 

 to the evolution of Limenitis astyanax from L. arthcmia 

 at so recent a date that the two forms occasionally inter- 

 breed where they meet. 



8. The female of Argynnis diana has been modified 

 into a tertiary mimic of L. astyanax. 



B. The Western Section of North America. 



9. An ancestral northern Nyniphaline butterfly belong- 

 ing to the heterogeneous group " Limenitis " penetrated 

 the area of the dominant Neotropical genus Adelpha and 

 gained a superficial resemblance to its much-mimicked 

 pattern. 



10. The influence of Adelpha spread far beyond the 

 range of the models into the northern subspecies califor- 

 nica, which in turn influenced, and has probably itself 

 been reciprocally influenced by, L. lorquini, in California 

 and Oregon. 



11. The influence of californica upon lorquini spreads 

 northward, with diminishing effect, beyond the range of 

 the model, into British Columbia and Vancouver's Island. 



12. Some of the ancestral features of lorquini are pre- 

 served in the non-mimetic species weidemeyeri. 



Note. — A further study of the larvae of Danainx tends 

 to throw doubt upon the validity of Anosia as a distinct 

 genus. Two pairs of filaments are borne by the larva of 

 plexippus and of gemitia, probably its nearest ally in the 

 Old World : three pairs are similarly characteristic of 

 hereniee and its probable representative, chrysippns. 



Dr. Jordan, who has examined the male genitalia, kindly 

 informs me that rlirysipipjus and hereniee are of the same 

 type, while gemitia and plexippus are of a second type. 

 He agrees that p)lexipp)us cannot be generically separated 

 from the other brown Danaines. E. B. Poulton, Dec. 16, 

 1908. 



Explanation of Plate XXV. 



[See Explanation facing the Plate.] 



