600 Mr. J. C Moulton on some of the 2jrinci2')al Mimetic 



appearance consists of a very dark ground colour crossed 

 by a broad black-spotted band of orange-tawny, from the 

 centre of the costa to the anal angle of the fore-wing and 

 apex of the hind. Although a very strong general Hke- 

 ness runs through the whole combination, there are also 

 close resemblances between special members, as for instance 

 the large Hcliconius iiristiona (Figs. 6 and 7), which evi- 

 dently follows Meliniea motJione (Figs. 1 and 2). The spots 

 in the oblique band are superficially alike, while in both 

 species there is very little orange-tawny colour at the apex 

 of the hind-wing. 



Another special internal association is formed by Hypo- 

 scadafallax (Fig 3) and Eresia murena, probably a southern 

 form of £J. ithomiola, Salv. Here the spots in the band 

 are only two in number, both faithfully reproduced in 

 vutreiia. Again, as regards the orange-tawny area at the 

 apical region of the hind-wing, the Ithomiine is followed 

 by the Eresia. Eresia murena is not represented on Plate 

 XXX III; and the two forms of Eresia ithomiola $ there 

 figured are not such close mimics of H. fallax. It will be 

 seen by a glance at figures 12 and 13 on Plate XXXIII 

 that the outer margin of the oblique tawny band becomes 

 pale, due to the appearance of a yellow tint in these two 

 Eresias, which on that account must be specially associated 

 with the Fa2nlio (Figs. 16 and 17), and moth (Figs. 18 and 

 19), considered on p. GDI. 



The Protogoiiius (Fig. 14) and the Paiyilio (Fig. 16) are 

 rougher in their resemblance, and perhaps tend towards 

 the HeliconiiiiB and especially the Etccidcs (Fig. 8), rather 

 than the Ithomiin/e (Figs. 1-5). 



An interesting feature of this Protogoiiius is the absence 

 of white spots in the hind margin of the hind-wing. The 

 reason is probably to be found in the absence of a Lycorea 

 from this association. These spots may be considered as 

 ancestral in the Protogoiiius — faint traces of them can still 

 be detected even in P. scmifulitis — and the presence of a 

 similarly-spotted Lycorea in the associations tends towards 

 their retention by the Nymphaline. In this combioation 

 (IV), however, in the absence of a Lycorea, the Protogoiiius 

 loses its marginal spots and enters more closely than usual 

 into the general mimetic association. 



Professor Poulton has also pointed out to me that in 

 Bulivian specimens of Mcchauitis deceptus, small white sub- 

 marginal spots are retained in the sub-apical region of the 



