Dr. G. B. Longstaff s Bionomic Notes on Butterjlies. G45 



shore, to orient and close its wings, making no 

 shadow. 



Port Antonio, Jamaica, 4 March, 1907. The sun nearly 

 vertical. Vidorina stelenes, Linn., settled on leaves, 

 once facing the sun, once head downwards, tail to the 

 sun, wings closed and no shadow. 



Ramble, Jamaica, 24 January, 1907. Cystineura dorcas, 

 Fabr. Flies very slowly, close to the ground. Settles 

 with wings nearly wide open, but it sometimes closes 

 and then quickly re-opens them. When feeding on 

 flowers, especially the Composite, Bidens leucanthus, 

 W., it is indifferent as to its position with regard to 

 the sun, but otherwise it usually orients, though it 

 occasionally faces the sun. 



Observations in Ceylon, 1908. 



Precis iphita, Cram. This species was often observed. 

 It most often settled Avith its wings closed, but frequently 

 they were fully expanded. Though one specimen was 

 seen to settle twice across the sun, it more usually either 

 faced the sun or turned its tail to it. 



Y])hthima ceylanica, Hew. Ceylon. This species, 

 which keeps close to the ground, settled occasionally with 

 the wings open, more often half open, but most commonly 

 closed. As regards orientation, it was noted to have its 

 tail to the sun 10 times (once by adjustment), as against 

 7 times that it was across the sun. 



Ergolis taprohana, Westw., and E. ariadne, Linn. May 

 be conveniently taken together. They have a skimming or 

 gliding flight which is not always checked by rain. They 

 settle commonly with their wings fully expanded, but 

 sometimes close them only to open them again. Most 

 often they orient, but sometimes imperfectly ; one was seen 

 to adjust itself. , 



Nissanga patnia, Moore. This butterfly settled with its 

 wings up (one exception) and so far as I observed with 

 the eye-spot exposed. In the majority of cases it oriented. 



Neptis jumha, Moore; N.varmona, Moore; and BaJmida 

 sinuata, Moore. These three species may be conveniently 

 taken together. They all have the same gliding flight 

 and all settle most frequently with the wings fully ex- 

 panded, though often closed. As regards orientation less 

 than half the specimens observed appeared to pay any 



