Phylogeny of the Pierine. 257 
In the genus Delias the same assemblage of spots 
meets us again, though scarcely in a very definite form. 
The well known D. ewcharis (Fig. 5) shows the series on 
both surfaces of each wing, the spots being to a great 
extent merged with one another; the band formed by 
their fusion is nevertheless quite distinct, and its in- 
dentations correspond with the usual disposition of the 
spots on the wing in those species where they exist in a 
more discrete condition. ‘The series is also visible in D. 
hyparete (underside) ; and the same range of markings is 
present as a sinuous band in the Australian D. aganippe 
(best seen in the female, and on the underside); in Jess 
distinct form in D. harpalyce, and still recognizable, 
though now almost completely merged, in the closely 
allied D. nigrina. A comparison of the upper surface of 
the wings of the last named insects with those of other 
species of the genus Delias, such as D. belladonna (Fig. 4), 
D. pasithoe, and D. thisbe, serves to suggest the manner 
in which the submarginal series (in common with other 
features) may have arisen—namely, as a survival of an 
original dark ground-colour, which has become broken 
up, first into irregular bands and finally into spots, by 
the appearance and gradual enlargement of touches of 
a lighter colour in the spaces between the nervules. 
Further reference will be made to this point when other 
markings, whose history appears to be similar to that of 
the present series, come under consideration. 
Metaporia agathon (Fig. 7) presents the series in 
much the same condition as D. eucharis, the band is, 
however, somewhat thicker and less defined. It is easy 
to trace the same feature through many species of the 
genera Pontia and Huphina; thus in P. soracta it is met 
with in the hindwing as a series of faintly-developed 
acute-augled chevrons, pointing outwards (as in Tato- 
chila). In the forewing, S 3, 5—9 are easily visible. It 
is noticeable that S 8 is in this insect exceptionally 
small ; it retains, however, its usual tendency to break the © 
line of the series by advancing further than the others 
towards the centre of the wing. In Pontia crategi the 
whole series has vanished ; but in Huphina coronis, H. 
phryne (Fig. 8) and others, it is well marked; the most 
persistent spots being, as in other genera, 8 6, 8 and 10; 
and the same general differences between the sexes, in 
relation to the series, being observable here as in Synchloe 
