260 Dr. Frederick A. Dixey on the 
of the females, it 1s visible in the hindwing, and near 
the apex of the forewing, as a series of minute brownish 
dots; similar to, but as a rule even smaller than, those 
of Meganostoma. Rhodocera leachiana and Amynthia 
meerula show exactly the same feature, the spots being 
dark brown or black, and a vestige of the series 
is present in A. clorinde. In the closely-allied genus 
Dereas, 5 is curiously modified into a brown or orange 
streak passing in an almost straight direction from the 
apex of the forewing to the anal angle of the hindwing. 
In D. wallichii, 8 8 is large and prominent; but the 
remainder of the series is scarcely visible on the upper 
surface, though easily recognisable below. 
In the genera Callidryas, Catopsilia, and their alles, 
the extent to which § is developed varies within wide 
limits. Callidryas philea 9 has already been noticed as 
presenting, on the upper surface of the forewing, in many 
specimens, a complete set from’ S 1 to $ 11 (Fig. 22). In 
this, as in other species of the genera named, it is usually 
S 7 and not S 8 that breaks the line by advancing towards 
the centre of the wing. The series is not usually continued 
on the upper surface of the hindwing, but both wings show 
it tolerably well below. S is well developed on the upper 
surface of Catopsilia flava ¢ (Fig. 21), and is visible to 
a variable extent on both surfaces (except the upper 
surface of the male) in C. catilla, Aphrissa godartiana, 
and others. In some of these insects 5 on the under 
surface forms part of the characteristic brown or pink- 
ish mottling of the wing; in others, as the male of C. 
phlegeus, it is almost or quite reduced to the condition 
of minute pink spots, like those of the genus Gonepterya. 
It is worth noticing that on the underside of Phebis 
trite, S takes in the forewing the form of a straight 
streak, not unlike that in Dercas lycorias, leading diago- 
nally across the wing. On the hindwing a similar streak 
appears, which, however, does not represent 5 as the 
apparently corresponding streak in Dercas undoubtedly 
does, but is at least partly developed from another 
system of spots which will be noticed later. Attentive 
examination will disclose the existence of traces of the 
true S between the streak in question and the hind 
border of the wing. 
In Hebomoia the series is always at least partly visible 
on the forewings, and often on the hindwings as well. 
