264 Dr. Frederick A. Dixey on the 
series. It is further noticeable that in both of these 
insects the marginal series M is usually continued in the 
form of a row of dots smaller than those helping to 
constitute the apical patch, but still distinct, along the 
outer border of both fore and hindwing. In S. daplidice 
? (Fig. 15), the submarginal series being also distinctly 
present on the hindwing, the alternate arrangement of 
the two series is in this situation very apparent. The 
constituent spots of series M may be numbered for con- 
venience, in the forewing 1—11, in the hindwing 12—20, 
one being counted for each nervure or nervule that 
reaches the margin; and the same allowance may be 
made as was suggested in the case of S for the occa- 
sional suppression of a fourth or addition of a fifth 
subcostal nervule (see p. 255). 
Many examples of the occurrence of this marginal 
series can be found among the near allies of the species 
just named, and in all of them there is a tendency 
towards the formation of a dark apical patch by the 
union near the tip of the forewing with the anterior 
members of the submarginal group 8. In G. gliciria 
many members of the series are usually present, often 
tending in the females to form by fusion a broad mar- 
ginal band in both fore and hindwing. Other species of 
the genus Synchloe besides S. daplidice present M in a 
fairly well-developed condition. It is usually conspicu- 
ous in the female S. callidice, S. protodice and SW. hellica, 
and to a less extent in the males of the same insects ; 
where it clings longest, as in the common species of 
Ganoris, to the region of the tip. Tatochila autodice and 
T'. theodice show M in very nearly the same condition as 
the species of Synchloe last named. 
Turning to the genus Colias, we find that the mar- 
ginal series has undergone some modification. In the 
males it is often completely fused with the submarginal 
series, the two together forming a broad outer band to 
the wing, as in CU. edusa 8. ‘I'he same may also take 
place in the female, as in C. paleno; but m most cases 
the two series, S and M, are in the female more or less 
distinct, being marked off from one another by areas of 
ground colour which take the form of a row of light- 
coloured spots, not unlike those present in many species 
of Synchloe (see p. 263). In some instances, as in 
CU. hyale and C. phicomone, this description applies also 
